伍尔夫“双性同体”视域下的玛格丽特

发布时间：2018-10-09 20:20

【摘要】：维多利亚时代的英国小说家伊丽莎白·盖斯凯尔与同时代作家狄更斯、萨克雷、乔治·艾略特等一同被马克思称为“现代一派杰出小说家”。作品题材多样,以其工业题材小说最为有名。本文以伍尔夫的“双性同体”观为指导分析了盖斯凯尔夫人的工业题材力作《南方与北方》中的女主人公玛格丽特的双性特征。这部作品中的女性形象有别于维多利亚时代传统“家庭天使”的女性形象:他们既具备女性的温柔特质,又表现出坚强理性的特征,这体现了盖斯凯尔夫人对男权社会中“双性同体”新女性的期待,她的双性观点与女性主义文学批评中的“双性同体”观有异曲同工之处。英国女性主义文学先驱弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫首次在文学作品中明确提出“双性同体”概念,即两性力量和谐生活,精神合作,这是女性主义者为女性走出菲勒斯中心主义困境提出的尝试性解决方案。盖斯凯尔创造性地将这一观点融入到创作中,以工业革命为背景,以“双性同体”观为指导,创作出小说《南方与北方》,呼吁人们重新审视两性关系,实现两性平等对话。本文首先对伊丽莎白·盖斯凯尔的生平、小说创作及国内外研究现状进行了梳理,在前人研究成果的基础上,以弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的“双性同体”观为依据,分别从玛格丽特性格与外表即内外两个方面分析其两性的特点。在探究双性同体人物玛格丽特成长过程的基础上,推导出其两性气质的和谐发展,并以男主人公桑顿以及主要配角希金斯的自身和谐为例,阐述了玛格丽特双性和谐的积极效应。众多同时期作家笔下的女主人公多为屈服男权社会的“家庭天使”形象,盖斯凯尔夫人另辟蹊径,将玛格丽特定位为“双性同体”且经济独立的新女性,这不仅体现了盖斯凯尔夫人为探索女性解放之路所付出的努力,也体现了其为探索社会和谐之路所付出的努力。结论部分在正文研究基础上,系统总结了本论文的研究成果,重申弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的“双性同体”观对现代社会的启示意义,并指出本研究的不足之处及对盖斯凯尔夫人作品研究的启示性意义。
[Abstract]:Elizabeth Gaskell, British novelist of Victorian era, together with contemporary writers Dickens, Thackeray, George Eliot and so on, is called "the outstanding novelist of modern school" by Marx. His works have a variety of themes and are most famous for their industrial novels. Under the guidance of Woolf's concept of androgyny, this paper analyzes the duality of Margaret, the heroine in Mrs. Gaskell's industrial masterpiece, the South and North. The female images in this novel are different from those of the traditional Victorian "Family Angels": they have both the tenderness of women and the characteristics of strong reason. This reflects Mrs. Gaskell's expectation of the new women in the patriarchal society, and there are similarities and differences between her viewpoint of androgyny and that of the feminist literary criticism. For the first time, Virginia Woolf, a pioneer of British feminist literature, put forward the concept of "bisexuality" in her literary works, that is, the harmonious life of the power of both sexes and spiritual cooperation. This is a tentative solution proposed by feminists for women to get out of the Philistine dilemma. Gaskell creatively integrated this viewpoint into his works. With the industrial revolution as the background and the view of duality as the guide, Gaskell wrote the novel South and North, calling on people to re-examine the relationship between men and women and to realize the dialogue of gender equality. In this paper, the author first combs Elizabeth Gaskell's life, novel creation and current research situation at home and abroad, based on the previous research results, based on Virginia Woolf's "dual sex" view as the basis. The characteristics of both sexes are analyzed from the aspects of Margaret's character and appearance, that is, inside and outside. On the basis of probing into the growing process of the androgynous character Marguerite, the harmonious development of his gender temperament is deduced, and taking the harmony of the hero Thornton and the main supporting actor Higgins as an example, The positive effect of Marguerite's bisexual harmony is expounded. In many contemporary writers, the heroines are mostly "family angels" who succumb to the patriarchal society. Mrs. Gaskell took a different approach and positioned Marguerite as a "bisexual" and economically independent new woman. This not only reflects Mrs. Gaskell's efforts to explore the road of women's liberation, but also her efforts to explore the road of social harmony. The conclusion part systematically summarizes the research results of this thesis, and reiterates the enlightenment of Virginia Woolf's "dual sex" theory to modern society. It also points out the deficiency of this study and its enlightening significance to the study of Mrs. Gaskell's works.
【学位授予单位】：河北科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：I561.074

【相似文献】