女性主义文体学视角下《除非》的失语女性分析
发布时间：2019-03-04 15:58
【摘要】：加拿大作家卡罗尔·希尔兹于1935年出生于美国,在一个典型的中产阶级家庭长大,后移居加拿大。她的作品包括三部短篇故事集、三本诗集、四部戏剧和近十本小说。这些作品令她获得了加拿大总督文学奖、全国书评界奖、普利策文学奖和奥林治文学奖等众多奖项。最后一本小说《除非》于2002年出版,曾获得布克奖提名。它常被看作是一部带有自传性质的作品,因此对研究希尔兹的女性主义观点有着重要意义。但这部作品尚未在国内引起足够重视,相关的研究十分有限。小说的情节发展围绕三代人露易丝、瑞塔和诺拉展开,这三个女性角色在不同程度上都遭受了失语。某些话题中和男性谈话时的无权力状态以及对女性的刻板印象暗示了父权文化下女性的从属和被动地位。本篇论文从女性主义文体学视角出发,分析三位角色在诺拉出走后的不同变化,旨在揭示文本中存在的性别不平等现象,鼓励女性勇于维护自己的话语权,希望能为日后研究卡罗尔·希尔兹和她的作品提供些许参考。本篇论文由引言,三个章节和结语共五部分组成。引言部分展现了卡罗尔·希尔兹的成就和生平,以及对作者和作品,尤其是《除非》的已有研究。第一章介绍了论文中会用到的三种研究方法—及物性理论,话轮转换理论和角色分析。这些方法有助于揭示人物间的权力关系,研究女性主义主题,如失语。第二章以角色分析为基础,研究失语的孤独寡妇露易丝和温顺女儿诺拉。露易丝和诺拉都被父权文化下类似美德的道德准则束缚。她们通过各种方法被教导要成为合格的妻子和母亲,如书本、学校教育和社会传统。意识到女性失语的事实后,她们选择逃避现实,变得比以往更加沉默。第三章基于三种方法讨论瑞塔的失语状态。通过对瑞塔失语的细致分析,本部分揭露了家庭内部以及社会中根深蒂固的性别不平等现象。和露易丝及诺拉不同的是,瑞塔在男性压迫下改变了自己的心理和行为,并最终鼓起勇气做出了真正的抗争。结语部分主要讲述了本次研究的一些发现。首先,这三个角色代表着遭受男性支配的两种不同女性。其次,小说最后瑞塔的勇敢反抗,诺拉的回归家庭和露易丝与施普林格的聊天暗示了希尔兹乐观的女性主义观点:虽然性别不平等已渗入社会的各个角落,但是女性应该勇于反抗男性压迫,捍卫自己的话语权,付出终会有收获。最后,本次研究也证明了从女性主义文体学视角研究女性失语的可行性。
[Abstract]:Canadian writer Carol Shields was born in the United States in 1935 and grew up in a typical middle-class family before moving to Canada. Her works include three short stories, three poems, four plays and nearly ten novels. She won the Canadian Governor's Prize for Literature, the National Book Review Award, the Pulitzer Prize for Literature and the Olympian Prize for Literature. The last novel, unless published in 2002, was nominated for the Booker Prize. It is often regarded as an autobiographical work, so it is of great significance to study Shields's feminist viewpoint. However, this work has not been paid enough attention in China, and the related research is very limited. The plot of the novel revolves around three generations of Louise, Rita and Nora, all of whom suffer from aphasia to varying degrees. The lack of power when talking to men in some topics and stereotypical impressions of women imply the subordinate and passive status of women in patriarchal culture. This paper, from the perspective of feminist stylistics, analyzes the different changes of the three roles after Nora's departure, in order to reveal the gender inequality existing in the text and encourage women to defend their right to speak. Hope to provide some reference for future study of Carol Shields and her works. This thesis consists of five parts: introduction, three chapters and conclusion. The introduction presents Carol Shields's achievements and life, as well as studies of authors and works, especially unless. The first chapter introduces the three research methods used in the thesis-transitivity theory, turn-over theory and role analysis. These methods help to reveal the power relationship between characters and study feminist themes, such as aphasia. In the second chapter, based on role analysis, Lois, a lonely widow with aphasia, and Nora, a docile daughter, are studied. Both Louise and Nora are bound by the moral code of similar virtues under the patriarchal culture. They are taught in various ways to be qualified wives and mothers, such as books, school education and social traditions. Aware of the fact that women are aphasic, they choose to escape from reality and become more silent than ever. The third chapter discusses Rita's aphasia based on three methods. Through a careful analysis of Rita's aphasia, this section reveals deep-rooted gender inequalities within the family and in society. Unlike Louise and Nora, Rita changed his mind and behavior under male oppression, and eventually mustered the courage to make a real fight. The conclusion mainly narrates some findings of this study. First, these three roles represent two different kinds of women who are subject to male domination. Second, Rita's brave resistance at the end of the novel, Nora's return to the family and Louise's chat with Springer suggest Shields's optimistic feminist view: although gender inequality has infiltrated into every corner of society, But women should stand up to male oppression and defend their right to speak. Finally, this study also proves the feasibility of studying female aphasia from the perspective of feminism stylistics.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I711.074
本文编号：2434412
[Abstract]:Canadian writer Carol Shields was born in the United States in 1935 and grew up in a typical middle-class family before moving to Canada. Her works include three short stories, three poems, four plays and nearly ten novels. She won the Canadian Governor's Prize for Literature, the National Book Review Award, the Pulitzer Prize for Literature and the Olympian Prize for Literature. The last novel, unless published in 2002, was nominated for the Booker Prize. It is often regarded as an autobiographical work, so it is of great significance to study Shields's feminist viewpoint. However, this work has not been paid enough attention in China, and the related research is very limited. The plot of the novel revolves around three generations of Louise, Rita and Nora, all of whom suffer from aphasia to varying degrees. The lack of power when talking to men in some topics and stereotypical impressions of women imply the subordinate and passive status of women in patriarchal culture. This paper, from the perspective of feminist stylistics, analyzes the different changes of the three roles after Nora's departure, in order to reveal the gender inequality existing in the text and encourage women to defend their right to speak. Hope to provide some reference for future study of Carol Shields and her works. This thesis consists of five parts: introduction, three chapters and conclusion. The introduction presents Carol Shields's achievements and life, as well as studies of authors and works, especially unless. The first chapter introduces the three research methods used in the thesis-transitivity theory, turn-over theory and role analysis. These methods help to reveal the power relationship between characters and study feminist themes, such as aphasia. In the second chapter, based on role analysis, Lois, a lonely widow with aphasia, and Nora, a docile daughter, are studied. Both Louise and Nora are bound by the moral code of similar virtues under the patriarchal culture. They are taught in various ways to be qualified wives and mothers, such as books, school education and social traditions. Aware of the fact that women are aphasic, they choose to escape from reality and become more silent than ever. The third chapter discusses Rita's aphasia based on three methods. Through a careful analysis of Rita's aphasia, this section reveals deep-rooted gender inequalities within the family and in society. Unlike Louise and Nora, Rita changed his mind and behavior under male oppression, and eventually mustered the courage to make a real fight. The conclusion mainly narrates some findings of this study. First, these three roles represent two different kinds of women who are subject to male domination. Second, Rita's brave resistance at the end of the novel, Nora's return to the family and Louise's chat with Springer suggest Shields's optimistic feminist view: although gender inequality has infiltrated into every corner of society, But women should stand up to male oppression and defend their right to speak. Finally, this study also proves the feasibility of studying female aphasia from the perspective of feminism stylistics.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I711.074
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