福柯权力话语理论视角下的《一九八四》解读
发布时间：2019-06-24 17:05
【摘要】：英国作家乔治·奥威尔以其敏锐的洞察力和犀利的文笔,审视、记录了他所生活的时代,《一九八四》是其最为出色的作品之一。本文结合福柯的权力话语理论,通过研究《一九八四》中极权主义对民众话语的控制,旨在回答以下问题:1.小说中,极权统治通过怎样的手段来操控话语权;2.小说中,权力话语的重压为大众带来了何种影响;3.主体在权力话语重压下实现反抗、追寻自我的可能性和途径,及其反抗的启示意义。论文分为引言、主体和结论三部分。引言部分介绍了乔治·奥威尔的生平、《一九八四》的主要内容和国内外研究现状,以及本文的主要论点。主体部分分为四章:第一章对福柯的权力话语理论及其中的重要概念做了介绍。第二章分析了小说中极权主义政府操控话语的三种手段:体制化操控—“凝视”、意识形态操控、界定性操控。第三章分析了小说中,人们在极权主义权力话语重压下受到的影响:1.沦为驯顺的肉体;2.话语被剥夺;3.失去了解真知的权利。第四章分析主体的反抗之旅,探讨其在极权主义权力话语重压下,反抗权力、实现自我的可能性,以及反抗的启示意义。结论部分揭示了三点:1.在极权主义主流话语的重压下,个体要实现自我并非易事。极权主义统治下的个体若要寻求自我,必须要在长期的斗争中争取话语权。2.福柯对知识分子的反抗提出了高度的赞扬,称他们是改写知识话语的中坚力量。温斯顿的反抗虽以个体的失败告终,却为知识分子的大规模反抗树立了榜样。3.奥威尔不仅强调获得话语权的重要性,也指出个体在反抗中的力量局限,以及广大无产阶级同胞在反抗极权统治中的重要性。福柯与奥威尔观点的结合,为极权主义统治下的个体提供了一条可能的出路:知识分子若能打破阶级局限性,与广大无产阶级联合起来,将成为反抗极权统治的强大力量。本文以《一九八四》为文本,运用福柯的权力话语理论分析了小说中极权主义政府对话语的控制、极权主义权力话语对人们的影响,探寻了主体反抗失败的根源,揭示了极权主义政府隐秘的操控手段及其背后的目的:即编织出一张严密的权力之网,消灭拥有独立思想的主体,使之成为思想高度同一、绝对服从统治阶级的驯顺的肉体,打造无可撼动的极权主义社会。但同时,文中主体的抗争也为极权社会中的人们提供了一丝希望。《一九八四》不仅是奥威尔的政治寓言,更彰显了奥威尔的人道主义情怀。
[Abstract]:British writer George Orwell, with his keen insight and sharp writing, examined and recorded the times in which he lived. 1984 is one of his best works. Based on Foucault's theory of power discourse, this paper studies the control of totalitarianism on people's discourse in 1984, and aims to answer the following questions: 1. In the novel, how does totalitarian rule manipulate the right to speak; 2. In the novel, what kind of influence does the heavy pressure of power discourse bring to the public; 3. The possibility and way of the subject to realize resistance and pursue oneself under the pressure of power discourse, and the enlightening significance of resistance. The paper is divided into three parts: introduction, main body and conclusion. The introduction introduces the life of George Orwell, the main contents of 1984 and the research status at home and abroad, as well as the main arguments of this paper. The main part is divided into four chapters: the first chapter introduces Foucault's theory of power discourse and its important concepts. The second chapter analyzes the three means of totalitarian government manipulation in the novel: institutional manipulation-"gaze", ideological manipulation and bound manipulation. The third chapter analyzes the influence of totalitarian power discourse on people in the novel: 1. Reduced to a tame body; 2. Words are deprived; 3. Lose the right to know the truth. The fourth chapter analyzes the subject's journey of resistance, discusses its resistance to power under the pressure of totalitarian power discourse, the possibility of self-realization, and the enlightening significance of resistance. The conclusion part reveals three points: 1. Under the pressure of totalitarian mainstream discourse, it is not easy for individuals to realize themselves. If an individual under totalitarian rule wants to seek himself, he must fight for the right to speak in a long struggle. Foucault highly praised the resistance of intellectuals, calling them the backbone of rewriting the discourse of knowledge. Although Winston's resistance ended in individual failure, it set an example for the large-scale resistance of intellectuals. Orwell not only emphasizes the importance of obtaining the right to speak, but also points out the limitation of individual power in resistance, as well as the importance of the vast number of proletarian compatriots in resisting totalitarian rule. The combination of Foucault and Orwell provides a possible way out for individuals under totalitarian rule: if intellectuals can break the class limitations and unite with the broad proletariat, they will become a powerful force against totalitarian rule. Taking 1984 as the text, this paper analyzes the control of discourse by totalitarian government and the influence of totalitarian power discourse on people in the novel by using Foucault's theory of power discourse, explores the root causes of the failure of subject resistance, and reveals the secret means of manipulation of totalitarian government and the purpose behind it: to weave a strict network of power, to eliminate the subject with independent thought, and to make it highly identical. Absolutely obey the tame body of the ruling class and build an unshakable totalitarian society. But at the same time, the struggle of the subject also provides a glimmer of hope for the people in the totalitarian society. 1984 is not only Orwell's political fable, but also shows Orwell's humanitarian feelings.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I561.074
本文编号：2505222
[Abstract]:British writer George Orwell, with his keen insight and sharp writing, examined and recorded the times in which he lived. 1984 is one of his best works. Based on Foucault's theory of power discourse, this paper studies the control of totalitarianism on people's discourse in 1984, and aims to answer the following questions: 1. In the novel, how does totalitarian rule manipulate the right to speak; 2. In the novel, what kind of influence does the heavy pressure of power discourse bring to the public; 3. The possibility and way of the subject to realize resistance and pursue oneself under the pressure of power discourse, and the enlightening significance of resistance. The paper is divided into three parts: introduction, main body and conclusion. The introduction introduces the life of George Orwell, the main contents of 1984 and the research status at home and abroad, as well as the main arguments of this paper. The main part is divided into four chapters: the first chapter introduces Foucault's theory of power discourse and its important concepts. The second chapter analyzes the three means of totalitarian government manipulation in the novel: institutional manipulation-"gaze", ideological manipulation and bound manipulation. The third chapter analyzes the influence of totalitarian power discourse on people in the novel: 1. Reduced to a tame body; 2. Words are deprived; 3. Lose the right to know the truth. The fourth chapter analyzes the subject's journey of resistance, discusses its resistance to power under the pressure of totalitarian power discourse, the possibility of self-realization, and the enlightening significance of resistance. The conclusion part reveals three points: 1. Under the pressure of totalitarian mainstream discourse, it is not easy for individuals to realize themselves. If an individual under totalitarian rule wants to seek himself, he must fight for the right to speak in a long struggle. Foucault highly praised the resistance of intellectuals, calling them the backbone of rewriting the discourse of knowledge. Although Winston's resistance ended in individual failure, it set an example for the large-scale resistance of intellectuals. Orwell not only emphasizes the importance of obtaining the right to speak, but also points out the limitation of individual power in resistance, as well as the importance of the vast number of proletarian compatriots in resisting totalitarian rule. The combination of Foucault and Orwell provides a possible way out for individuals under totalitarian rule: if intellectuals can break the class limitations and unite with the broad proletariat, they will become a powerful force against totalitarian rule. Taking 1984 as the text, this paper analyzes the control of discourse by totalitarian government and the influence of totalitarian power discourse on people in the novel by using Foucault's theory of power discourse, explores the root causes of the failure of subject resistance, and reveals the secret means of manipulation of totalitarian government and the purpose behind it: to weave a strict network of power, to eliminate the subject with independent thought, and to make it highly identical. Absolutely obey the tame body of the ruling class and build an unshakable totalitarian society. But at the same time, the struggle of the subject also provides a glimmer of hope for the people in the totalitarian society. 1984 is not only Orwell's political fable, but also shows Orwell's humanitarian feelings.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I561.074
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前2条
1 苏龙;乔治·奥威尔《一九八四》的批评性分析[D];长春理工大学;2018年
2 杨敬萱;话语、规训与反抗[D];华中师范大学;2018年
，本文编号：2505222
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