清末民初中国舆论观念流变
发布时间：2019-06-21 04:33
【摘要】：清末民初的中国社会,以"数千年未有之大变局"激荡着国人,新事物和新思想逐渐涌入国内,近代报刊就在其中。近代报刊最早由传教士传入中国,后逐渐被国人认识,随着早期报人报刊活动的开展和报刊思想的发展,随之而来的与近代报刊息息相关的近代舆论意识也开始发酵,应和着救亡图存的时代主题,也伴随中国政治领域和思想领域的大转型逐渐向前发展。本文主要以清末民初国内报刊活动为背景,以人物的舆论观念为主要考察对象,探究清末民初自报刊兴起以后近代舆论观念的生成和演变轨迹。本文除绪论和结语外,主要分为四个部分,分别对清末民初三个时期人物的舆论观进行研究,最终对这一时期舆论观念产生的变化进行梳理总结。本文的第一章主要探讨清末报刊兴起初期早期改良派的舆论观念,从传统清议的式微到近代舆论意识的萌发,近代报刊在其中起到了主要作用。清末"千年未有之大变局"促使传统士人身份发生变化,向近代知识分子转变,立足于传统与现代之间的他们从对报刊的思考和实践中建立起最初的舆论观。本章主要考察了这一时期的报刊思想和报刊活动及其对舆论观念的影响,研究了陈炽、郑观应、王韬的舆论观念,其中对王韬的舆论观进行了重点研究。研究认为,早期改良派虽然以报刊这一新媒介为中心发展了中国传统舆论观,开始意识到报刊在舆论中的作用,但他们的舆论观仍然是以传统"君权"为出发点,以"重民"思想为核心,实质上依然在中国传统舆论观念的框架内。所以,对早期改良派来说,他们仅算是迈出了传统舆论观向近代舆论观转型的第一步。第二章节主要探讨戊戌变法前后资产阶级改良派的舆论观,资产阶级改良派作为近代中国一个重要的历史群体,经历了早期舆论观的发展,这一时期的舆论观念已逐渐成熟,且由于政治变革的需要,更加追求实用性,要求服务于实践。本章主要考察了维新派代表人物的报刊活动和特点及其对舆论观念发展的影响,研究了严复、康有为、梁启超的舆论观,其中重点是对梁启超舆论观的考察。研究得出,这一时期政治报刊的兴盛推动了舆论观念的进步,而梁启超以"民权"思想建立的舆论观则意味着中国传统舆论在向近代舆论的转型中又前进了至关重要的一步。第三章以民初前后资产阶级革命派的舆论观为研究对象,资产阶级革命派登上历史舞台后,激进的革命思想发挥巨大能量,舆论观念继续变化发展。革命派更加注重舆论政治性和工具性的诉求,"政权"的需要成为他们舆论观念的主要出发点。本章主要考察资产阶级革命派代表人物的报刊活动及其对舆论观念发展产生的影响,研究了章太炎、于右任和孙中山的舆论观,其中以孙中山的舆论观为重点。研究认为,随着报刊言论的激进化,这一时期对舆论政治功能的重视达到前所未有的高度,在后期,舆论宣传也愈加被强调。本文最后一章对清末民初舆论观念的流变进行梳理和概括。首先考察不同时期对舆论认识的变化,包括对舆论主体、舆论客体和舆论本体的认识;其次考察舆论功能观的变化,包括舆论的政治功能和监督功能;最后是对舆论态度转向的考察,探讨从提倡"健全舆论"到宣传"主义信仰"所体现出来的对舆论态度的变化。
[Abstract]:In the beginning of the late Qing Dynasty, the Chinese society, with the "for thousands of years" of the Chinese people, the new things and the new ideas, gradually poured into the country, and the modern press was in it. The modern newspaper was first introduced into China by the missionaries, and then was gradually recognized by the Chinese. With the development of the newspaper and newspaper activities in the early period and the development of the newspapers and periodicals, the modern public opinion consciousness, which is closely related to the modern newspaper, began to ferment, and should be the subject of the age of the national salvation. It is also accompanied by the great transformation of the political field and the ideological field in China. This paper mainly focuses on the background of the newspaper activities in the beginning of the late Qing Dynasty, and takes the public opinion of the characters as the main research object, and probes into the formation and evolution of the concept of public opinion after the rise of the newspaper in the late Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China. This paper, in addition to the introduction and the conclusion, is divided into four parts, which are divided into four parts. The first chapter of this paper mainly discusses the opinion of the reformist in the early stage of the beginning of the late Qing Dynasty, from the view of the traditional Qing Dynasty to the emergence of modern public opinion consciousness, and the modern newspaper plays a major role in it. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the "The Millennium Development Board" of the Qing Dynasty promoted the change of the identity of the traditional scholar, and changed to the modern intellectuals, and based on the traditional and modern times, they set up the initial public opinion view from the thinking and practice of the press. This chapter mainly examines the press thought and the press activities of this period and its influence on the opinion of public opinion, and studies the opinions of Chen, Zheng, and Wang. Among them, this chapter focuses on Wang's opinion of public opinion. The research holds that, while the early reformist has developed the traditional Chinese public opinion on the basis of the new media of the newspaper, and began to realize the role of the press in the public opinion, their public opinion view is still the starting point of the traditional "the right of the king", and the "Shi Min" of the public opinion is the core. In essence, it is still within the framework of the traditional Chinese public opinion concept. Therefore, for the early reformists, they are only the first step in the transformation of the traditional public opinion to the modern public opinion. The second chapter mainly discusses the public opinion on the reform of the bourgeoisie before and after the Reform of the People's Republic of China, and the reformist of the bourgeoisie, as an important historical group in modern China, has experienced the development of the view of the early public opinion, and the concept of public opinion in this period has become mature, and because of the need of political change, It is more practical and requires service to practice. This chapter mainly studies the press activities and characteristics of the representative of the Weixin School and its influence on the development of public opinion, and studies the opinions of Yan Fu, Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao, with the emphasis on the investigation of Liang Qichao's view of public opinion. The study shows that the prosperity of the political press in this period has promoted the progress of the opinion of public opinion, and the public opinion of Liang Qichao's idea of "civil rights" means that the traditional public opinion of China has advanced a crucial step in the transformation of modern public opinion. The third chapter, based on the public opinion of the bourgeois revolutionaries before and after the beginning of the People's Republic of China, is the object of the study. After the bourgeois revolution is on the stage of history, the radical revolutionary thought plays a great energy, and the opinion of the public opinion continues to change. Revolutionaries pay more attention to the political and instrumental demands of public opinion, and the "regime" needs to be the main starting point of their opinion. This chapter mainly studies the press activities of the bourgeois revolutionary representatives and their influence on the development of public opinion, and studies the opinion of Zhang Taiyan, the right and the Sun Yat-sen, with the focus of Sun Yat-sen's public opinion. The research holds that, with the radicalization of the press and the press, the emphasis on the political function of public opinion has reached an unprecedented level during this period, and in the later period, public opinion propaganda has become more and more emphasized. The last chapter of this article is to sort and summarize the change of the opinion of the public opinion in the late Qing Dynasty. Firstly, the changes of public opinion in different periods, including the understanding of the subject of public opinion, the object of public opinion and the public opinion, and the change of the function of public opinion, including the political function and the supervision function of the public opinion, and finally the investigation of the attitude of public opinion, This paper discusses the change of the attitude of public opinion from the promotion of the "sound public opinion" to the public "the belief of doctrine".
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G219.29
本文编号：2503789
[Abstract]:In the beginning of the late Qing Dynasty, the Chinese society, with the "for thousands of years" of the Chinese people, the new things and the new ideas, gradually poured into the country, and the modern press was in it. The modern newspaper was first introduced into China by the missionaries, and then was gradually recognized by the Chinese. With the development of the newspaper and newspaper activities in the early period and the development of the newspapers and periodicals, the modern public opinion consciousness, which is closely related to the modern newspaper, began to ferment, and should be the subject of the age of the national salvation. It is also accompanied by the great transformation of the political field and the ideological field in China. This paper mainly focuses on the background of the newspaper activities in the beginning of the late Qing Dynasty, and takes the public opinion of the characters as the main research object, and probes into the formation and evolution of the concept of public opinion after the rise of the newspaper in the late Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China. This paper, in addition to the introduction and the conclusion, is divided into four parts, which are divided into four parts. The first chapter of this paper mainly discusses the opinion of the reformist in the early stage of the beginning of the late Qing Dynasty, from the view of the traditional Qing Dynasty to the emergence of modern public opinion consciousness, and the modern newspaper plays a major role in it. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the "The Millennium Development Board" of the Qing Dynasty promoted the change of the identity of the traditional scholar, and changed to the modern intellectuals, and based on the traditional and modern times, they set up the initial public opinion view from the thinking and practice of the press. This chapter mainly examines the press thought and the press activities of this period and its influence on the opinion of public opinion, and studies the opinions of Chen, Zheng, and Wang. Among them, this chapter focuses on Wang's opinion of public opinion. The research holds that, while the early reformist has developed the traditional Chinese public opinion on the basis of the new media of the newspaper, and began to realize the role of the press in the public opinion, their public opinion view is still the starting point of the traditional "the right of the king", and the "Shi Min" of the public opinion is the core. In essence, it is still within the framework of the traditional Chinese public opinion concept. Therefore, for the early reformists, they are only the first step in the transformation of the traditional public opinion to the modern public opinion. The second chapter mainly discusses the public opinion on the reform of the bourgeoisie before and after the Reform of the People's Republic of China, and the reformist of the bourgeoisie, as an important historical group in modern China, has experienced the development of the view of the early public opinion, and the concept of public opinion in this period has become mature, and because of the need of political change, It is more practical and requires service to practice. This chapter mainly studies the press activities and characteristics of the representative of the Weixin School and its influence on the development of public opinion, and studies the opinions of Yan Fu, Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao, with the emphasis on the investigation of Liang Qichao's view of public opinion. The study shows that the prosperity of the political press in this period has promoted the progress of the opinion of public opinion, and the public opinion of Liang Qichao's idea of "civil rights" means that the traditional public opinion of China has advanced a crucial step in the transformation of modern public opinion. The third chapter, based on the public opinion of the bourgeois revolutionaries before and after the beginning of the People's Republic of China, is the object of the study. After the bourgeois revolution is on the stage of history, the radical revolutionary thought plays a great energy, and the opinion of the public opinion continues to change. Revolutionaries pay more attention to the political and instrumental demands of public opinion, and the "regime" needs to be the main starting point of their opinion. This chapter mainly studies the press activities of the bourgeois revolutionary representatives and their influence on the development of public opinion, and studies the opinion of Zhang Taiyan, the right and the Sun Yat-sen, with the focus of Sun Yat-sen's public opinion. The research holds that, with the radicalization of the press and the press, the emphasis on the political function of public opinion has reached an unprecedented level during this period, and in the later period, public opinion propaganda has become more and more emphasized. The last chapter of this article is to sort and summarize the change of the opinion of the public opinion in the late Qing Dynasty. Firstly, the changes of public opinion in different periods, including the understanding of the subject of public opinion, the object of public opinion and the public opinion, and the change of the function of public opinion, including the political function and the supervision function of the public opinion, and finally the investigation of the attitude of public opinion, This paper discusses the change of the attitude of public opinion from the promotion of the "sound public opinion" to the public "the belief of doctrine".
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G219.29
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