萨特的存在主义小说与《围城》的比较研究

发布时间：2017-12-31 00:00

本文关键词：萨特的存在主义小说与《围城》的比较研究　出处：《武汉理工大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：兴起于20世纪的西方存在主义曾在世界范围内产生极大的影响。作为特定历史阶段的产物,反理性主义的存在主义思潮将人的存在体验和主观性作为其哲学出发点,深刻揭示出世界的荒诞性和人类存在的虚无感,并对资本主义社会既定的原有价值体系提出怀疑和否定,提倡在荒诞和虚无面前的人性自由和自我解放。作为存在主义的集大成者,萨特不仅是声名远扬的哲学家,更是杰出的文学家和社会活动家。萨特将主要的精力用于以文学的形式来表现其抽象的哲学思想,其小说,戏剧对萨特哲学思想进行了完美的阐释,使其哲学更易为广大读者所理解和接受。萨特的“介入文学”提倡用文学的方式来实现对社会的改善,也引起了人们的很大关注。萨特使存在主义在全世界的影响力得到很大提升。本文通过介绍萨特主要的三个存在主义原则来分析其三部经典存在主义小说,即《恶心》、《墙》和《禁闭》,从而更加深入理解萨特的存在主义思想的同时,鉴赏其存在主义文学作品的魅力。存在主义对世界文学界产生重大影响,同时也不可避免地对处于相同历史时期的中国思想界和文学界产生影响。伴随着萨特存在主义及其作品传入中国,国内的一些先进知识分子开始对其产生兴趣和关注,并通过各种形式的作品将存在主义思想表现出来。尽管存在主义思想并未像马克思主义思想在中国的影响力广泛,但自从五四运动存在主义传入中国以来,其对中国当代文学的影响就不容忽视。本文将以钱钟书的代表作品《围城》来研究其中体现的存在主义思想,并且通过进一步将《围城》与萨特的三部存在主义小说作品加以比较,从而挖掘出中外在存在主义作品在表现方式上的异同之处,并结合特殊的时代历史背景,进而试图探讨出存在主义在中国化过程中对中国当代文学的某些影响。这些研究势必对更全面地鉴赏包括《围城》在内的中国存在主义文学作品产生一定的作用。
[Abstract]:Western existentialism, which began in 20th century, has had a great impact on the world as a product of a specific historical stage. The existential trend of anti-rationalism regards human existence experience and subjectivity as the starting point of its philosophy, and deeply reveals the absurdity of the world and the nothingness of human existence. And put forward the doubt and negation to the established original value system of the capitalist society, advocate the human nature freedom and self-liberation in the face of absurdity and nihilism, and be the integrator of existentialism. Sartre is not only a well-known philosopher, but also an outstanding writer and social activist. The drama interprets Sartre's philosophy perfectly and makes it easier for readers to understand and accept it. Sartre's "intervention Literature" advocates the improvement of society by literature. Sartre has greatly promoted the influence of existentialism in the world. This paper analyzes three classic existentialism novels by introducing Sartre's three main existentialism principles. That is, nausea, wall and confinement, so as to understand Sartre's existentialism more deeply, and to appreciate the charm of his existentialist literary works at the same time. Existentialism has a great influence on the world literary circles, and inevitably influences the Chinese ideological circles and literary circles in the same historical period. It is accompanied by Sartre existentialism and his works into China. Some advanced intellectuals in China began to have an interest in and concern for them. Although existentialism is not as influential as Marxism in China, it has been introduced into China since the May 4th Movement. Its influence on Chinese contemporary literature can not be ignored. This paper will study the existentialism thought embodied in Qian Zhongshu's representative work besieged City. And through the further comparison between besieged and Sartre's three existential novels, we can find out the similarities and differences between Chinese and foreign Existentialism works in the way of expression, and combine with the special historical background of the times. Furthermore, this paper attempts to explore some influences of existentialism on Chinese contemporary literature in the process of Sinicization. These studies are bound to play a certain role in more comprehensive appreciation of Chinese existential literary works, including "besieged City". .
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I106.4-03

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