生命的失落与复得—原型视域下解读《苏菲的选择》

发布时间：2018-01-01 01:34

本文关键词：生命的失落与复得—原型视域下解读《苏菲的选择》　出处：《沈阳师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：威廉·斯泰伦被誉为英语文学中最好的文体家和最伟大的小说家之一。他的作品通常结构复杂、语言力度很强，显示其受著名南部作家威廉·福克纳的影响,因此也被列入“南方派作家”的行列。长篇小说《苏菲的选择》曾获得1980年的美国国家图书奖，是威廉·斯泰伦享誉世界的名著之一。在小说中，作家重构了关于纳粹“大屠杀”事件的无以言说的历史并通过讲述苏菲在奥斯威辛集中营和随后来到美国的生活经历，来反观和重新解读“大屠杀”,并以此为契机，记录了小说叙述者通过了解苏菲的过去，深受教育而成长的历程。这部小说让我们领悟到人性的复杂与尊严，感受到人生的苦难与哀伤。这是一部贯穿着人性的挣扎与勇气的杰作，处于身份的失落感中的主人公始终置身于对身份的追寻过程中。本文以荣格、弗莱的原型理论为基础，着力于在古希腊神话与《圣经》中挖掘该作品的原型。本文共分为四章。第一章主要对威廉·斯泰伦的生平以及小说《苏菲的选择》的主要内容和评论界对其所做的相关评论进行了简要的介绍,并对弗莱的原型批评理论进行了阐述与概括，其间涉及了原型批评的起源。笔者在本章中对弗雷泽与他的神话原型理论进行了简要介绍。在其代表作《金枝》中，弗雷泽提出了作为原始民族思维和行动规则的“交感巫术”原则并指出“交感巫术”具有两种基本形式，即“相似律”和“染触律”。这一原则是了解原始民族一切生活和思想行为的钥匙。心理学家荣格则提出了“集体无意识”的概念并在1919年首次对“原型”做出了定义。第二章分析了小说中体现出的人物，意象等原型结构。人物原型包括对苏菲（善母亲与恶母亲的结合体）；内森（英雄与魔鬼的结合体）和斯汀戈（先知与精神之父的结合体）的研究。意象原型主要包括“大海”、“教堂”和“马”。第三章则分析了小说中体现的主题原型，包括“失乐园—复乐园”及“生—死—重生”的主题。本章主要通过对苏菲生存之痛的解读及死亡的剖析，进一步挖掘和探索人类共同的生存经历和生与死的文学意义。第四章是结论。笔者旨在通过结合原型理论对小说进行的分析，深刻反映出战争给人类带来的巨大苦难以及人类在极端境遇下所做出的生死抉择，同时也阐述了威廉·斯泰伦通过此作品来呼吁人们意识到主人公苏菲最终的命运结局揭露的是整个时代命运的悲剧，，同时也是个人对悲剧命运超越的勇敢者之歌，是现代社会中个人追寻失落的自我的勇敢者之歌．
[Abstract]:William Stallon is known as the best stylist and one of the greatest novelists in English literature. His works are often complex in structure and powerful in language, showing that they are influenced by William Faulkner, a famous southern writer. So it's also included in the Southern Writers. The novel, the Choice of Sophie, won the National Book Award in 1980 and is one of William Stallone's most famous works in the world. The writer reconstructs the indescribable history of the Holocaust and reinterprets the Holocaust by telling Sophie about her life in Auschwitz and later in the United States. Taking this as an opportunity, the narrator of the novel has recorded the process of the narrator growing up through understanding Sophie's past and being deeply educated. This novel makes us understand the complexity and dignity of human nature. It is a masterpiece of struggle and courage that runs through human nature. The protagonist in the sense of loss of identity is always in the process of seeking identity. Based on the archetypal theory, Frye tries to excavate the archetypes of this work in ancient Greek mythology and the Bible. This paper is divided into four chapters. The first chapter gives a brief introduction to the life of William Stallone, the selection of Sophie and the comments made by the critics. And the archetypal criticism theory of Frye is expounded and summarized. In this chapter, the author briefly introduces Frazier and his mythological archetypal theory. Fraser put forward the principle of "sympathetic witchcraft" as a primitive national thinking and action rule and pointed out that "sympathetic witchcraft" has two basic forms. This principle is the key to understanding all the life and behavior of the primitive people. The psychologist Jung put forward the concept of "collective unconscious" and first responded to it in 1919. The second chapter analyzes the characters in the novel. Image and other archetypal structures. The archetypes of characters include the combination of good mother and evil mother; The study of Nathan (the combination of the hero and the devil) and Stimgo (the combination of the Prophet and the Father of Spirit). The archetypes mainly include the Sea. The third chapter analyzes the theme archetypes embodied in the novel. Including the theme of "Paradise lost-Paradise recovery" and "Life-Death-Rebirth". This chapter mainly through the interpretation of Sophie's pain of survival and the analysis of death. Further explore and explore the common human survival experience and the literary significance of life and death. Chapter 4th is the conclusion. The author aims to combine the archetypal theory to analyze the novel. It deeply reflects the great suffering caused by war and the choice of life and death made by mankind in extreme circumstances. And it's also about William Stallone's work, which calls for people to realize that Sophie's ultimate fate reveals the tragedy of the fate of the entire era. At the same time, it is also the song of the brave who transcends the tragic fate, and the song of the brave who seeks the lost self in the modern society.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074

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