华裔美国文学中“纸”的生态批评研究

发布时间：2018-01-07 10:05

本文关键词：华裔美国文学中“纸”的生态批评研究　出处：《长沙理工大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自十九世纪四五十年代，美国西海岸发现黄金后，大批华人涌入美国，掀开了“金山客”的浪潮。然而，伴随横贯北美的内华达铁路竣工，以及西部开矿浪潮的退去，美国的排华政策把在美华工排斥在共享富裕的大门之外，并陆续颁布各项政策，以人为的方式贬低、限制、甚至扼制华人以及华人社会在美国的发展。由于美国禁止华人女性、华人配偶进入美国，这无疑对华人劳工们造成了极大的身心摧残，在华人社区形成了华人“单身汉社会”。在历史上，华人曾对美国西部的开发做出过卓越贡献。在现代，华人的智慧与才干也在美国的各方面独领风骚。但就是这样一个群体，在美国历史上却受尽歧视，饱受磨难。生态批评作为一种全新的文学文化批评理论，将“世界”的概念拓展到了“整个生态圈”，以围绕着人类文化与自然世界密切相关为基本前提，，把文学批评放在地球生态圈这一大语境下，以独特的批评视角和对全人类生存前景的终极关怀而充满生机和活力的新世纪文论界的一大学科。华裔美国文化中的“纸文化”现象作为华人历史的一个重要组成部分，它的形成摆脱不了美国排华政策所带来的生态危机。因此，在美国排华政策下，华人个人、家庭以及社会都遭遇严重的生态危机，使华人在西方主流文化中的刻板印象进一步加深。近些年来，随着学术界对于美国华侨史研究进一步地深入，在排华运动中受到苦难遭遇的华人生存坏境越来越受到相关专家和学者们的重视。“单身汉社会”的形成和“纸文化”现象的产生以及新生代的文化身份困扰均与华裔在美国被歧视被排斥的历史分不开。从生态批评的角度来解析美国华人在排华政策的影响下，所遭受的种种不平等，揭示出“纸文化”的出现正是不平衡的生态环境下所导致的一种迫不得已的“非自然”产物。运用生态批评理论来剖析华裔美国历史中排华政策给华人带来的生态危机和“纸文化”现象对于华人的影响，以及运用生态批评这一种全新的文学文化批评理论来剖析“纸”现象给在美华人们带来得精神生态危机和社会生态危机，希望能呼吁人们关注自然生态和精神生态，回归自然，强调各民族间和平共处的理念，从而引起全世界人民对于华裔们生活和精神的关注。
[Abstract]:Since nineteenth Century 40s and 50s, the west coast of the United States after the discovery of gold, a large number of Chinese immigrants, opened a "gimshunhook" wave. However, with the completion of the railway across the North American Nevada, and Western Mining tide receded, the exclusion of American policy to Chinese workers in the United States outside of the shared rich gate, and successively promulgated policies, to artificially lower limit, or even curb Chinese and Chinese social development in the United States. Because the United States banned Chinese women, Chinese spouse into the United States, this is undoubtedly the Chinese workers have caused great physical and mental violence, in the Chinese community formed a Chinese "bachelor society". In history, the Chinese had developed to the western United States made remarkable contributions. In modern times, the Chinese wisdom and talent in all aspects of American style. But it is such a group, but in the history of the United States Suffered discrimination, suffering. Ecological criticism as a new literary criticism, the concept of "world" will be expanded to the "whole ecosystem", to surround the human culture and the natural world are closely related as the basic premise, the literary criticism in the context of the earth's ecosystem, to criticism the unique and ultimate concern for human survival prospects and full of vigor and vitality of the new century literary circles of a university department. The Chinese American culture of "paper culture" phenomenon as an important part of Chinese history, the formation of ecological crisis caused by the United States can not get rid of the Chinese exclusion policy. Therefore, in the United States under the Chinese exclusion policy, individual, family and society are facing a serious ecological crisis, the Chinese in the western mainstream culture stereotype is further deepened.
In recent years, along with the academic circles for further research the history of overseas Chinese in the United States, is suffering the Chinese living environment more and more experts and scholars in the exclusion movement. The formation of "bachelor society" and "paper culture" phenomenon and the new generation of cultural identity and ethnic problems in the United States were discriminated against rejection are inseparable. From the perspective of eco criticism of Chinese American in influence the Chinese exclusion policy, suffered all kinds of inequalities, reveals the "paper culture" is the emergence of the unbalanced ecological environment caused by a compelling "unnatural" the product. Using eco criticism theory to analyze Chinese American history ranked China policy to bring Chinese ecological crisis and "paper culture" phenomenon in Chinese, and the use of ecological criticism of the new literature Cultural criticism theory to analyze the phenomenon of "paper" to bring people in the United States have the crisis of spiritual ecology and social ecology crisis, hoping to call attention to the natural ecology and spiritual ecology, return to nature, emphasizes the concept of peaceful coexistence between different ethnic groups, causing concern for the Chinese people around the world have life and spirit.

【学位授予单位】：长沙理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.06

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