论索尔仁尼琴小说中的政治批判主题

发布时间：2018-01-12 17:20

本文关键词：论索尔仁尼琴小说中的政治批判主题　出处：《山东师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：索尔仁尼琴是1970年诺贝尔文学奖获得者，，被称为“俄罗斯的良心”，有无数的光环围绕着他，但是他却因作品中的政治批判主题而备受争议。索尔仁尼琴与政治批判主题有着深厚的渊源，索氏之所以成名离不开赫鲁晓夫的钦点，因为作品《伊凡·杰尼索维奇的一天》中充满了对斯大林的批判，这正好为赫鲁晓夫的反斯活动提供了强有力的证据。可以说，索尔仁尼琴名声鹊起很大程度上得力于他作品中的政治批判主题。至此之后政治批判主题作为一条主线贯穿于索尔仁尼琴创作的始终，对黑暗的揭露、对政治的批判彰显了其作品的魅力。本论文就索尔仁尼琴作品中的政治批判主题进行探讨，全文分四章进行论述。第一章论述了政治批判主题形成的原因。索尔仁尼琴的政治批判主题不是空穴来风、无中生有，政治批判主题的形成一方面受到俄罗斯传统文化的熏陶，尤其是无政府主义思想传统、苦难书写传统以及人道主义思想传统。另一方面当时社会环境也促使其政治批判主题的形成，可以说索尔仁尼琴作品中的政治批判主题是对苏式极权主义的反思、抗议和抵抗。另外，索尔仁尼琴自己的苦难经历也为其政治批判主题提供了最直接、最有力的素材。第二章论述了政治批判主题的多维展开。本章从三个方面进行分析：首先，通过对“国家”的恨与对祖国的爱表达他的政治批判主题。在索尔仁尼琴看来，祖国与国家是决然不同的两个概念。国家特指斯大林时期冷冰冰的权力机构，而祖国则更多地代表着俄罗斯广袤无垠的大地以及生活在这大地上朴实的俄罗斯人民。索尔仁尼琴正是通过对国家当局者的批判，让更多的人看清问题的本质，反思现状。其次，是对劳改营主题的书写。索尔仁尼琴开了二十世纪俄罗斯文学中的“劳改营文学”的先河，通过对劳改营中人们悲惨境遇的书写，体现他的政治批判主题。最后，通过对普通民众与当权者们身上人性的挖掘，表达出作者对大多数当权者的憎恨和对劳苦大众的爱。第三章论述了政治批判主题的文本化途径及特点。身为一名作家，他的思想、观点在他的作品中得到了充分体现。在索尔仁尼琴的作品中，政治批判主题始终是其创作的主线。索尔仁尼琴通过对一些艺术手法的运用使其作品中的政治批判更加深刻、露骨。本章主要从对生活的“镜像”描写、象征、时空的高度浓缩三个方面进行论述。第四章探究的是其政治批判主题的深层意义。索尔仁尼琴作品中的政治批判并不仅仅是为了揭露当代社会的黑暗面，在此背后蕴含着他对人民的深深关切以及对人性尊严的肯定，人道主义成为索尔仁尼琴进行政治批判的有力武器，也使他的政治批判主题得到升华。
[Abstract]:Solzhenitsyn was the winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1970. He was called "the conscience of Russia" and surrounded by countless halos. Solzhenitsyn has a deep relationship with the theme of political criticism, and his fame can not be separated from Khrushchev's choice. Because the work "the Day of Ivan Denisovich" is full of criticism of Stalin, which provides strong evidence for Khrushchev's anti-Semitic activities. Solzhenitsyn rose to fame largely because of the theme of political criticism in his works. Since then, the theme of political criticism as a main line throughout Solzhenitsyn's creation, revealing the darkness. The criticism of politics shows the charm of his works. This thesis discusses the theme of political criticism in Solzhenitsyn's works, which is divided into four chapters. The first chapter discusses the reasons for the formation of the theme of political criticism. Solzhenitsyn's theme of political criticism is not groundless and is born out of nothing. On the one hand, the formation of the theme of political criticism is influenced by Russian traditional culture. Especially the tradition of anarchism, the tradition of suffering writing and the tradition of humanitarianism. On the other hand, the social environment at that time also promoted the formation of the theme of political criticism. It can be said that the theme of political criticism in Solzhenitsyn's works is the reflection, protest and resistance to the Soviet totalitarianism. In addition, Solzhenitsyn's own suffering experience also provides the most direct theme for his political criticism. The most powerful material. The second chapter discusses the multidimensional development of the theme of political criticism. This chapter is analyzed from three aspects: first, through the hate of the "country" and the love of the motherland to express his theme of political criticism. In Solzhenitsyn's view. The motherland and the state are two very different concepts. The state refers specifically to the cold power of the Stalin period. The motherland, on the other hand, is more representative of Russia's vast expanse of land and of the Russian people who live on it. Solzhenitsyn makes more people see the nature of the problem by criticizing the state authorities. Reflecting on the current situation. Secondly, the writing of the theme of labor reform camp. Solzhenitsyn opened the "reform camp literature" in Russian literature in 20th century, through the writing of the tragic situation of people in the camp. Finally, through the exploration of the human nature of the ordinary people and those in power, the author expresses the author's hatred for the majority of those in power and his love for the laboring masses. The third chapter discusses the textual approach and characteristics of the theme of political criticism. As a writer, his ideas and views are fully reflected in his works. In Solzhenitsyn's works. The theme of political criticism has always been the main line of his creation. Solzhenitsyn made the political criticism in his works more profound and explicit through the use of some artistic techniques. This chapter mainly describes the "mirror image" of life, symbolism. Three aspects of high concentration of time and space are discussed. Chapter 4th explores the deep meaning of his theme of political criticism. Political criticism in Solzhenitsyn's works is not just to expose the dark side of contemporary society. Behind it was his deep concern for the people and the affirmation of human dignity. Humanitarianism became Solzhenitsyn's powerful weapon for political criticism and also sublimated his subject of political criticism.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I512.074

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