《小世界》的复调特征研究

发布时间：2018-01-19 07:16

本文关键词： 戴维洛奇复调理论时空体对话狂欢　出处：《哈尔滨师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：戴维洛奇作为当代英国乃至全世界著名的小说家以及评论家，以其独特的写作方式呈现给世人一部部优秀的作品。其中包括了久负盛名的“校园三部曲”——《换位》《小世界》《好工作》。《小世界》这部作品既是喜剧小说，讽刺小说，也是复调小说。本文结合前苏联著名的文艺理论家，批评家巴赫金的复调理论加以分析《小世界》中的复调特征。《小世界》是一部典型的复调小说。复调性小说的意义在于在不同的世界开展故事情节、对比人物命运、价值观念以及社会地位的独立的意识。旨在把人物、意识分别放在不同的层面进行分析、比较。在文本中强调对话关系，作者与人物之间、人物与人物之间都存在独立并且对立的对话关系，同时又是一种多样性共识共存的一个统一体。其实，，这种关系就是多种声音平等对话的关系。因此复调小说有了矛盾性、对话性、开放性以及未完成性的艺术特点。从不同人物、空间下的不同的生活经历以及人性的特点给人们带来启发，不同于传统的“填鸭式”的写作方式，读者不只是一味的接受，而有了自己的辨别力和思考力。本文分为四部分，绪论部分主要介绍了戴维洛奇的生平简历，目前国内外学者对戴维洛奇作品的研究现状与分析，国内外学者对《小世界》的研究现状以及本文所用的论点论据的介绍。第一章是为分析本文的复调特点提供了理论论据。首先介绍了复调小说的概念。之后介绍了著名的巴赫金理论。详细阐述了详细的理论基础，以时空体理论，对话理论，狂欢理论三大代表性理论角度出发，详细分析了这三种理论的特点。用时间的消解、倒错与空间的转换、并置传递时空转换信息，对话主体、对话形式与对话精神以及传统思维和狂欢视角的方式详细介绍了这一伟大的复调理论。第二章是本文论证的重点部分。分别用时空体理论，对话理论，狂欢理论进行了具体的理论结合文本分析。第一部分主要介绍了不同时空背景下的对比，学术世界与工业文明、以及在不用空间下的人物肖像与生活特性的对比。第二部分在多元对话的理论基础上探求文本中不同的对话关系。从二元对立与喜剧表现到叙事结构与文体对话再到多元策略与文化对话，从主题、人物、情景三个方面表达文本中的喜剧表现；从结构、结尾、文体三个方面表达复杂的人物对话关系以及叙事结构；以多元的视角分析文本中文化对话。第三部分主要介绍了文本中的狂欢基调。从戏仿、反讽、巧合三个方向分析文本中的狂欢特性。结语部分简述了本文各章节的内容，并总结了戴维洛奇在作品《小世界》中以其传统和现实手法相结合的写作方法，再次验证了这部复调小说的独特魅力。本文由此四个部分组成，用巴赫金复调理论全方位、系统化的分析了这部代表性的复调小说。
[Abstract]:David Lodge is a famous novelist and critic in contemporary England and the whole world. Presented to the world with its unique writing style, an excellent piece of work, including the prestigious "Campus Trilogy" The little world is a comic novel. Satire is also a polyphonic novel. This paper analyzes the polyphonic characteristics of the small World in the light of Bakhtin's polyphonic theory, which is a famous literary theorist and critic of the former Soviet Union. "small World" is a typical polyphonic novel. The significance of polyphonic novels lies in the development of storylines in different worlds, contrasting the fate of characters, values and the independent consciousness of social status. Consciousness is analyzed and compared at different levels. In the text, there is an independent and opposite dialogue relationship between the author and the characters and between the characters. At the same time, it is a unity of coexistence of diversity and consensus. In fact, this kind of relationship is the relationship of equal dialogue among many voices. Therefore, polyphonic novels have contradictions and dialogualities. From different characters, different life experiences under space and the characteristics of human nature, people are inspired by the open and incomplete artistic characteristics, which are different from the traditional "spoon-feeding" writing methods. Readers do not just blindly accept, but have their own discrimination and thinking. This paper is divided into four parts, the introduction part mainly introduces David Lodge's resume of life, and the current situation and analysis of the domestic and foreign scholars' research on David Lodge's works. The present research situation of small World and the arguments used in this paper are introduced. The first chapter is to provide theoretical arguments for the analysis of the characteristics of polyphony. Firstly, the concept of polyphonic novel is introduced. Then the famous Bakhtin theory is introduced. Based on the three representative theories of dialogue theory and carnival theory, the characteristics of these three theories are analyzed in detail. This great polyphonic theory is introduced in detail in the form of dialogue and the spirit of dialogue as well as the way of traditional thinking and carnival. The second chapter is the key part of this paper. Using space-time volume theory, dialogue theory, carnival theory to carry out specific theories combined with text analysis. The first part mainly introduces the contrast under different space-time background. Academic world and industrial civilization. The second part explores the different dialogue relations in the text based on the theory of pluralistic dialogue. From binary opposites and comedy performance to narrative structure and stylistic dialogue. And then to multi-strategy and cultural dialogue. To express the comedy performance in the text from three aspects: theme, character and situation; From the structure, the end, the style three aspects express the complex character dialogue relations as well as the narrative structure; The third part mainly introduces the carnival tone of the text and analyzes the carnival characteristics of the text from three directions: parody irony and coincidence. The conclusion part briefly describes the contents of each chapter of this paper and summarizes the writing methods of David Lodge in his works "small World" with his traditional and realistic methods. This article is composed of four parts and systematically analyzes this representative polyphony novel with Bakhtin's polyphony theory.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.074

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