俄罗斯历史记忆中的十月革命
发布时间:2018-02-03 13:18
本文关键词: 历史记忆 十月革命 俄罗斯 变迁 映像 出处:《四川外国语大学》2013年硕士论文 论文类型:学位论文
【摘要】:记忆是历史学中的一个重要问题,其主要任务在于研究人们在当下如何对待历史,对待过去。美国历史学家卡尔·贝克尔在《人人都是他自己的历史学家》一文中将失去记忆的人称之为失去了心灵的人,这话不无道理。 从人类存在一开始,过去就在日常文化中时刻伴随着人,在人与人的关系中,在社会群体的相互作用中以及社会体制中都能看到过去的影响;过去还体现在各种凝结社会经验为一体的礼仪、习俗、传统中,反映在民间创作以及文学艺术作品中,而这些文学艺术作品通过塑造各种艺术形象来加深人们对过去的理解。正因为代与代之间存在着类似的联系,才形成了完整的人类历史。而这种联系的体现正是历史记忆。在任何民族的文化中都在不断积累映像,继承鲜活的文化形式。这不是别的,正是历史记忆作用的结果。 1917年俄国的十月革命,是俄国历史乃至世界历史上的一个重大事件,它对俄国历史和世界历史的发展影响深远。十月革命的发生距今已经过去了95年,时代在变化,社会在发展,人们对十月革命的评价和看法也在不断变化。这种变化就反映在俄罗斯人民的历史记忆当中。 对俄罗斯人民历史记忆中十月革命映像的变迁进行研究,一方面,有助于更深入地阐明十月革命对俄罗斯社会的深远影响,更好地理解俄罗斯;另一方面,将十月革命作为具体的文化记忆场进行分析有助于更透彻地理解历史记忆这一理论。 中国人民对十月革命及俄罗斯人民怀有一种特殊的情愫。上个世纪俄罗斯民族成为了中华民族的榜样。但是今天,十月革命的产物——苏联已经解体,中华民族走上了中国特色的发展道路,但是中国人民还是一如既往地关切着俄罗斯人民。中国人想要知道,俄罗斯人对于十月革命的记忆到底发生了怎样的变化,是什么原因导致了这些变化,苏联为什么会解体,这些对于当代中国都有着十分重要的现实意义。 本论文的研究对象为俄罗斯人历史记忆中的十月革命。 本论文的研究目的是:通过大量收集与十月革命相关的文献资料,从历史记忆角度分析俄罗斯不同时期有关十月革命映像的变迁,从而为十月革命的研究提供一个全新的研究视角,并为认识这一重大历史事件提供一些有益的思考和探索。 本论文的研究任务是:解说历史记忆理论的主要内容;厘清历史记忆与其紧密相关的几个概念之间的联系与区别;阐明“记忆场”的概念;运用文化记忆场的概念研究俄罗斯人历史记忆中十月革命映像的变迁;分析影响这一变迁的因素。 本论文的学术新意在于:历史记忆理论是一个全新的理论,无论是在俄罗斯还是在国内,从历史记忆角度对十月革命映像的变迁进行研究几乎还是空白。本文首次从历史记忆角度将十月革命这一人类历史进程中的重大事件作为文化记忆场进行研究并为十月革命的研究提供一个新视角。 本论文的理论意义及实践意义在于其理论原理可以运用到历史记忆问题的进一步研究当中,其研究成果为这一重大历史事件从历史记忆角度提供了全新的思考,从而使得人们更好地了解俄罗斯,了解十月革命对于俄罗斯社会的深远影响。 本论文由绪论、正文四章,结语和参考文献组成。 绪论对本论文的选题原因进行了论证,阐述了研究的现实意义和学术新意、研究目的以及研究任务,揭示了论文的理论意义及实践意义,综述了研究材料并简述了论文结构。 第一章“历史记忆理论”分为五个小节。第一节叙述历史记忆理论的形成与发展,第二、三、四节分别阐述历史与历史记忆、历史意识与历史记忆及历史记忆与忘却之间的联系与区别。第五小节对“记忆场”概念进行研究。 第二章“苏俄时期(1917-1922)的十月革命”由三小节组成。首节叙述十月革命参与者对其的评价。第二节研究十月革命的反对者对其的看法。最后一小节阐述知识分子对十月革命所持的观点。 第三章“苏联时期(1922-1991)的十月革命”分为四小节。第一节阐述苏联政府对十月革命的官方评价。第二节总结苏联历史学界对十月革命的评价和认识。第三节叙述苏联文学艺术中十月革命的形象。最后一节分析侨民及持不同政见者给予十月革命的评价。 第四章“苏联解体后(1991至今)的十月革命”由四小节组成。第一节总结苏联解体后十月革命的反对派的观点。第二节研究当代俄罗斯十月革命的拥护派的认识。第三节论述中间派对十月革命的看法。第四节分析当今俄罗斯文学艺术中十月革命的形象。 结语回顾全文并得出如下结论: 1.历史记忆不是历史本身。历史不随时间的推移而改变,它是一种客观事实。而历史记忆正相反,它随时间而改变,是一种主观映像,是人们在回忆中重新塑造的历史。因此历史记忆在政治和意识形态方面更加具有现实意义。 2.十月革命已经过去95个年头。95年来人们发现在不同时期反映十月革命的文献中有不同的映像。这些不同的映像正是俄罗斯人民历史记忆中的映像。它们反映在文学、艺术以及历史学等方面。所有这些映像都作为俄罗斯人民历史记忆的组成部分而存在着。 3.十月革命后取得政权的布尔什维克党人与其反对者对于十月革命给出了完全相反的评价。布尔什维克党人高度评价十月革命,对于他们来说十月革命象征着工人和农民的权利,意味着社会平等和公正等等。而反对者从根本上否定革命,,他们对于十月革命的解释当然也与布尔什维克党人的观点截然相反。另外,在知识分子当中对十月革命也存在着不同的评价。因此,在这一时期十月革命的映像不是单一的,而是多样的。 4.苏联时期在苏联领土范围内不可能找到关于伟大的十月社会主义革命的负面信息。因为没有十月革命就很难想象会有后来的苏联。所以在苏联时期主流意识形态竭力肯定和宣传十月革命,对十月革命的信仰就是对苏联的信仰。这样,在苏联民众的历史记忆中十月革命与“伟大”一词是紧密联系在一起的。尽管在侨民以及持不同政见者中存在着不同的观点,但是这并未对苏联民众关于十月革命的看法产生大的影响。 5.强大的苏联最终解体,一个新生国家——俄罗斯联邦产生了。昔日的社会主义大国变为了今日的资本主义国家。社会的转型,主流意识形态的变迁,必然影响人们对十月革命的看法。于是1917年的十月革命产生了新的、不同的映像,有正面的,负面的,中间的。在这些不同映像的影响之下俄罗斯人民的历史记忆也在悄然改变。
[Abstract]:Memory is an important problem in history, its main task is to study how to treat people in the present history, about the past. The American historian Karl Becker in "everyone is his own" the historian lost memories called the lost souls of people, this makes sense.
From the beginning of human existence, the past time in daily culture with the people in the relationship between people and people in the past, can see the effect on the interaction of social groups and social system; the past is also reflected in the variety of condensed social experience as one of the manners, customs, traditions, reflected in the folk works and works of literature and art, and the works of literature and art by creating various artistic image to further our understanding of the past. Because of the existence of a similar relationship between generations, to form a complete human history. And the embodiment of this connection is the historical memory. In any national culture in the the accumulation of images, inherited fresh cultural form. This is nothing, it is the result of historical memory.
The October revolution in Russia in 1917, is a major event in Russian history and the history of the world, it is of Russian history and the history of the world has exerted far-reaching influence on the development of the October revolution occurred. It has in the past 95 years, in the era of change, with the development of society, people on the evaluation of the October revolution and the view is also changing. The change is reflected in the Russian people in the historical memory.
Study on change of image of the Russian people revolutionary historical memory in October, on the one hand, it will help to better clarify the far-reaching influence of the October revolution of Russia society, a better understanding of Russia; on the other hand, the October revolution as a cultural memory specific field analysis helps to understand the historical memory of this theory more thoroughly.
China people have a special feeling for the October revolution and the Russian people. The Russian nation last century has become the Chinese example. But today, the collapse of the Soviet Union -- the product of the October revolution, the Chinese people embarked on a road of development China characteristics, but the Chinese people are concerned with the Russian people as in the past Chinese. Want to know, the Russians for the October revolution of the memory in the end what has happened, what is the reason for these changes, why the Soviet Union disintegrated, the China for contemporary has ten important practical significance.
The object of this thesis is the October revolution in the Russian historical memory.
The purpose of this paper is: through collecting relevant literature and the revolution of October, analysis of the change on October revolution of Russia image in different periods from the historical memory, so as to provide a new research perspective for the study of the October revolution, and provide some beneficial thinking and exploration for the understanding of the major historical events.
The task of this thesis is to explain the main content: historical memory theory; clarify the links and differences between the concepts of historical memory closely related; clarify the concept of "memory"; using the concept of field of cultural memory in Russian history memory October leather image changes life; analysis of factors affecting the change.
The academic innovation lies in: historical memory theory is a new theory in both Russia and China, the change of the October revolution image from the historical memory of almost blank. This paper first from the angle of historical memory will be major events of the October revolution in the process of human history as a cultural memory field research and provide a new perspective for the study of the October revolution.
In the theoretical and practical significance of the further study on the theory of principle can be applied to historical memory problems, the research results for this major historical events from the perspective of historical memory provides a new thinking, which makes people have a better understanding of the Russian Revolution of October, understand the far-reaching influence on Russian society.
This paper is composed of the introduction, four chapters, the conclusion and the reference literature.
The introduction demonstrates the reasons for choosing this topic, expounds the practical significance and academic novelty of the study, the purpose and task of the research, reveals the theoretical significance and practical significance of the thesis, summarizes the research materials and outlines the structure of the paper.
The first chapter "historical memory theory" is divided into five sections. The first section describes the formation and development of the theory of historical memory, second, third, four respectively elaborated the history and historical memory, relation and difference between historical consciousness and historical memory and historical memory and oblivion. The fifth section of the "memory" concept.
The second chapter, "the October revolution in the Soviet era (1917-1922)" is made up of three sections. The first section describes the evaluation of the participants from the October revolution. The second section studies the views of the opponents of the October revolution. Finally, it expounds the views of intellectuals on the October revolution.
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