论《夜色温柔》中迪克的焦虑

发布时间：2018-02-28 15:25

本文关键词： 弗·司各特·菲茨杰拉德《夜色温柔》迪克焦虑　出处：《湖南师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：作为美国现代文学界的翘楚,弗·司各特·菲茨杰拉德长期以来被视为美国“爵士时代”的代言人。他的作品因其对于青年一代纵情狂欢的描写及“美国梦”的破灭呈现而闻名于世,这在他带有半自传体性质的小说《夜色温柔》中显得尤为突出。本论文以菲茨杰拉德本身、二十世纪二十年代的美国文化和当时混乱的社会状态之间的互动关系为切入点,试图从罗洛·梅的存在心理学理论角度探索菲茨杰拉德作品《夜色温柔》中主人公迪克的焦虑症状以及导致此种焦虑的原因。通过对作品的解读,揭示出美国社会那个特殊时期里隐含却无所不在的焦虑现象正是菲茨杰拉德个人精神创伤的表征,并以此凸显出菲茨杰拉德高超的创作艺术。本论文首先讨论了导致迪克所处时代焦虑现象无所不在的两大主因：社会混乱和文化迷惘。社会财产分配的极度不均匀导致了贫富之间难以调和的冲突,这也是美国社会矛盾的主要成因。战后的表面繁荣和消费文化的迅速兴起(比如酗酒、好莱坞电影产业)给了美国人尤其是青年一代纵情声色的借口,更让他们幻灭了最初的美国梦。美国人丢失了传统的清教主义美德,青年文化逐渐成为主导,年轻人试图建立自己的新秩序。除此之外,弥漫在战后美国人中间的“流放”意识也起到了重要作用。第二章就迪克的“焦虑”症状进行了详细分析,表面上的无助伪装让迪克逐渐失去了自我。症状的一方面主要体现在迪克无奈的自动从俗,这是西方社会个体面对焦虑时最常用的逃避机制。从俗意味着个体放弃自我,成为他身边众多机器人中的一位,如此一来他便不再感到孤独和焦虑。为了迎合整个上流社会,迪克不断牺牲自我,却只得来更多的无助与不安。症状的另一方面主要外化为迪克在而对自身情感时严重的无能为力,具体表现为他与尼科儿失败的婚姻以及与罗斯玛丽之间虚幻的婚外情。在充满竞争性的西方社会里,无论迪克对于富有却精神失常的尼科儿的爱有多深刻,他在某种程度上还是将他们之间的婚姻视为了自身社会能力的一个强有力的证明,这是不可否认的。在尽心尽力为尼科儿医治的那些年里,迪克实际上早已累积了对于整个堕落的上层社会的深刻敌意。当迪克变得越发心力交瘁时,婚姻入侵者汤米的适时出现无疑给了迪克致命一击,他别无选择,只得黯然放弃与尼科儿的婚姻。至于婚外恋,在小说中也能轻易证明到罗斯玛丽在很大程度上将迪克视为“父亲式情人”,这来源于弗洛伊德的“移情”作用；而迪克对于罗斯玛丽的爱慕也仅仅出自男性力比多的需求以及他对自身已逝青春的无限怀念。当罗斯玛丽最终变得世故不堪时,迪克的幻想再无实现可能,只能消逝。第三章将重点置于对迪克自身处理焦虑的方式的探讨。一是毁火性方式,具体表现为迪克外在的酗酒和斗殴。梅认为,各种狂热的强制性活动可以减轻由焦虑机制衍生的紧张感。迪克的强制性工作、酗酒和强制性行为都是典型的例子。二是建设性方式,在这点上迪克选择积极地面对其深爱之人的死亡。死亡是人类共有的命运,在接受最爱的父亲和好友阿比的死亡时,迪克的确崩溃了,可也正是死亡本身最终促成了迪克内心的顿悟,致其勇敢地冲破焦虑,重塑真实的自我。在《夜色温柔》中，，菲茨杰拉德着力表现在社会和环境重压下迪克的生存境况及心理状态,用同情的笔触刻画早已焦虑万分的迪克,发掘他混乱内心的症结。所有这一切使得菲茨杰拉德在二十世纪二十年代的美国文学界中占据着举足轻重的地位。
[Abstract]:As a leader in modern American literary circles, F Scott Fitzgerald has long been regarded as the spokesman of the "Jazz Age". His work is famous for its carnival for the young generation, and the description of the "American Dream" burst in this show, he with a semiautobiographical novel < > is especially prominent in the tender..
This paper takes Fitzgerald itself, the interactive relationship between the 1920s American culture and then chaotic social status as the starting point, from the angle of psychology theory tries to explore Fitzgerald works < > tender hero Dick's anxiety symptoms and causes the anxiety of Rollo May. Through the interpretation of the work, reveal the anxiety phenomenon in American society that special period is implied but omnipresent characterization of Fitzgerald personal trauma, and to highlight Fitzgerald's superb artistic creation.
This paper first discusses the two major causes leading to Dick era omnipresent anxiety phenomenon: social chaos and cultural confusion. Extremely uneven distribution of social property leads to conflicts between the rich and the poor, this is also the main causes of social contradictions. The rapid rise of the surface of the postwar prosperity and consumer culture (such as alcoholism, the Hollywood film industry) to the Americans especially the young generation debauchery excuse them more disillusioned American dream. The first Americans lost the traditional virtues of Puritanism, youth culture has gradually become dominant, young people tried to create a new order of its own. In addition, diffuse in the post-war middle Americans "exile" consciousness has also played an important role.
The second chapter is Dick's anxiety symptoms in detail, helpless on the surface of the camouflage let Dick gradually lost self. A symptom is mainly reflected in the automatic from Dick helpless, this is the most commonly used escape mechanism of Western society. Individuals face anxiety from means of individual to give up self become a many robots in him, so that he will no longer feel lonely and anxiety. In order to cater to the whole society, Dick constantly self sacrifice, only more helpless and insecure. On the other hand, the main symptoms of Dick in their own emotional and seriously incapable of action for specific performance, unreal between him the failure of the marriage and children with Nico Rosemarie's extramarital affairs. In the competitive Western society, regardless of Dick for the wealthy but insane son Nico love how deep, he in To some extent, or will the marriage between them as a strong proof of their social ability, this is undeniable. The best cure for Nico in those years, Dick actually has accumulated profound hostility for the fallen upper society. When Dick became mentally and physically exhausted, timely marriage the Tommy Dick undoubtedly gave a fatal blow, he had no choice, had to give up and had children for marriage. Nico affair can easily prove to Rosemarie as a "father lover" in a large extent, Dick in the novel, which is derived from Freud's empathy for Rosemarie and Dick; love is only from the male libido and the demand of his own lost youth infinite memory. When Rosemarie finally became sophisticated unbearable, Dick Fantasy can not be realized, but it can only die.
The third chapter will discuss the focus on treatment of anxiety to Dick's own way. One is the destruction of water, is a concrete manifestation of Dick's alcoholism and external fights. Mei believes that the mandatory activities frenzy can be derived from anxiety to ease the tension mechanism. The mandatory work of Dick drinking and compulsive behavior are typical examples. The two is a constructive way, Dick on this ground to choose positive a loved one's death. Death is the common fate of all human beings, in the love of father and friend Abby's death, Dick did collapse, but it is ultimately contributed to the death itself to Dick's Epiphany, caused the brave break the anxiety, reshape the true self.
In "tender", Fitzgerald focuses on the living conditions and psychological state of Dick in the society and the environment under pressure, sympathetically portrayed had anxiety Dick, he discovered the crux of your inner turmoil. All this makes Fitzgerald occupies an important position in American literary circles in 1920s.

【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074

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