莫里森小说的叙事手法与作品自由主题的展现

发布时间：2018-03-01 02:16

本文关键词： 托尼·莫里森自由死亡反向作用机制叙述时间隐喻　出处：《上海外国语大学》2013年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：托尼·莫里森（Toni Morrison，1931-）是世界文学最重要的女作家之一，1993年以其作品选集获诺贝尔文学奖。她是迄今唯一获此殊荣的黑人女作家,其主要代表作有《最蓝的眼睛》、《秀拉》、《所罗门之歌》、《宠儿》、《爵士乐》、《天堂》等。对于托尼·莫里森，国内外专家学者的研究已具备相当规模，论述得也比较深透，但尚有进一步探索之空间，因国外对其研究主要集中在莫里森小说的社会研究、语言技巧以及神话原型研究，而国内对莫里森的研究多局限于对作家单个作品的解读，少见对其多个作品的研究，且大多着重在对作品中象征、隐喻等单纯的叙事特征的研究。莫里森的作品描绘的不是一般意义上的现实的反映，而是关注更深层次的美国黑人的社会和文化发展，她推敲整体的结构，讲究细节的修辞。因此，对莫里森小说的研究，尤其是通过探讨莫里森小说以非线性叙述从不同的叙事视角反映的种族歧视、黑人身份意识、生存状态等问题，能为我们在文学领域深入开展个人价值的思考提供借鉴。而对莫里森小说叙事手法与作品自由主题的展现的关系的研究，补充了前人研究的不足，具有较大的文学价值。本论文在继承、总结、吸收、扬弃国内外相关研究成果和经验的基础上，以系统叙事学理论为指导，探究其叙事风格及其叙事风格与小说自由主题的展现之间的关系。莫里森的小说自始至终贯穿着黑人对自由的不息的追求，本论文以叙事学为理论基础，结合弗洛伊德精神分析理论，分别从死亡现象的运用、叙述时序以及隐喻模式等多个角度，分析托尼·莫里森小说的各个叙事层面与小说自由主题展现的内在关系，总结托尼·莫里森小说的叙事特点。论文共分四章进行论述。引言部分为莫里森小说的国内外研究综述。本章从社会研究、语言研究以及神话原型研究方面入手，介绍莫里森小说的国内外研究现状。第一章界定自由，积极自由和消极自由的概念，讨论世界其他文学作品中表现的对自由的追求，以及在莫里森小说中追求自由的主题，并根据以赛亚·柏林的自由主义理论，提出莫里森作品中所凸显的自由，总体上属于消极自由，如小说《最蓝的眼睛》、《宠儿》、《秀拉》、《柏油孩子》及《所罗门之歌》。但作品中也不乏对积极自由的追求，如作品《秀拉》。第二章讨论莫里森在小说中如何运用死亡现象作为叙事元素以促进对自由的不息追求这一主题的展现。本章从莫里森不同小说中的死亡现象入手，结合弗洛伊德的死亡本能理论与反向作用机制，以及爱米尔·涂尔干的自杀论，提出莫里森小说中的各种死亡现象在其小说中发挥着积极的建构及凸显作品自由主题的功能，如《所罗门之歌》里史密斯和奶娃的自杀，《宠儿》中塞丝杀婴，和《秀拉》里夏娃杀子等。第三章论述莫里森小说的叙述时间的运用对小说自由主题的展现。非线性叙述是莫里森惯用的一种叙事技巧。莫里森深谙叙事时间对叙述产生的深远影响，其作品中的叙事时序与叙事频率的选择独具匠心。结合热奈特的叙事学理论，本章主要分析其对故事时间与叙事时间的合理调配和由此产生的不同叙事时序，，以及叙事中采用的叙事频率，进而分析不同时序和特定叙事频率对小说自由主题的烘托功能。论文提出，莫里森小说中预叙、倒叙以及交错的运用，尤其是多重性的倒序的采用，凸显了作品的自由主题。而叙事频率的选择使故事以碎片的形式出现，形成了莫里森迷宫式小说的特点，深化了其小说中追求的自由主题。第四章集中论述莫里森小说中多种隐喻模式的运用及其对小说自由主题的展现发挥的功能。莫里森善于运用多种隐喻，如人名、神话、民间故事，乃至身体、音乐和符号，突出作品的主题。在对莫里森小说进行细读的基础上，论文提出，莫里森小说中各种不同的隐喻形式的采用彰显了其作品的自由主题，表现了白人社会对黑人心灵的戕害，以及整个黑人群体对自由的渴望和追求。结语论述莫里森叙事风格的多样性对美国文学的影响。莫里森叙事方法的娴熟运用使她成为美国后现代文学的领军人物之一。她对黑人文学，美国文学，乃至世界文学的影响是不容忽略的。
[Abstract]:Tony Morrison (Toni Morrison 1931-) is one of the most important female writers in the world literature, with its portfolio in 1993 won the Nobel prize for literature. She is so far the only award of the black female writer, the main representative of the "blue eyes < > >, < Solomon Sula, song < > >, darling < >, < > jazz, heaven.
For Tony Morrison, the research of domestic and foreign experts and scholars has considerable scale, discussed is relatively deep, but there is further exploration of space for social research abroad on its research mainly concentrated in Morrison's novels, language skills and archetypal research, and the research on Morrison is limited to the interpretation of individual writers works. Few studies on multiple works, and mostly focuses on symbols of the works, on the narrative features of metaphor. The reflection of Morrison's works depicted is not a general sense of reality, but on a deeper African American social and cultural development, the overall structure of her study, pay attention to the details of the rhetoric therefore, the research on Morrison's novels, especially reflected from different narrative angles through the discussion of Morrison's novels in a nonlinear narrative of racial discrimination, black identity Problem consciousness, survival of the state, can provide a reference for us to carry out the thinking of the individual value in the literary field. And the relationship between the display of Morrison's novel narrative works and free subject research, supplement the shortcomings of previous studies, has great literary value. This paper summarizes, in succession, absorption, sublating domestic relevant research results and experience, with the system of narrative theory, exploring the relationship between the narrative style and narrative style of the novel and the theme of freedom show.
Morrison's wearing black on free from first to last through endless pursuit, this thesis based on the theory of narratology, combined with Freud's psychoanalytic theory, separately from the phenomenon of death by narrative angles and temporal metaphor mode, analysis of Tony Mori Sen novels show and theme of the novel all the narrative level relationship summarize the characteristics of Tony Morrison's novels narrative. This dissertation consists of four chapters.
The introduction is a summary of the research on Morrison's novels at home and abroad. This chapter introduces the research status of Morrison's novels from the perspectives of social studies, language studies and mythological archetype.
The first chapter gives a definition of freedom, positive freedom and negative freedom concept, discuss the work of other literary world in the pursuit of freedom, and the pursuit of freedom and the theme in Morrison's novels, and according to Isaiah Berlin's liberal theory, put forward the highlights in the works of Morrison free, generally belong to negative freedom, such as novel "the bluest eye >, < < > > darling, Sula, < > and < Solomon tar baby song. But there are some works on the positive freedom pursuit, such as" works Sula.
The second chapter discusses Morrison in the novel how to use the phenomenon of death as narrative elements to promote to the endless pursuit of freedom is the theme of the show. This chapter begins with Morrison in the novel death phenomenon, combined with the death instinct theory and reverse mechanism of Freud, Emile Durkheim, and Dutch act theory, put forward a variety of phenomena Morrison's death in the novel plays an active and prominent theme of freedom construction works, such as Smith and his Dutch act "Solomon song >, < >, darling Sethe's infanticide, and infanticide. Rishava < > Sula
The third chapter discusses Morrison's narrative time to show the theme of the novel. Freedom is a kind of nonlinear narrative narrative techniques Morrison used. Morrison understands profound influence on the narrative time in the narrative, narrative time and narrative frequency in the works selected distinctive. The combination of Genette's narrative theory, this chapter the main analysis of the reasonable allocation of story time and narrative time and the narrative time and the narrative is different, in the narrative and analysis of different frequency, timing and frequency of specific narrative novel free theme foiling function. In this paper, Morrison's pre Syria, and staggered with flashbacks, especially the use of multiple the reverse order, highlighting the theme of freedom works. But the narrative frequency selection of the story appeared in the form of debris, Morrison formed a novel labyrinth. It deepens the theme of freedom pursued in his novels.
The fourth chapter focuses on the use of a variety of metaphors in Morrison's novels and discusses the mode to show the theme of the novel free function. Morrison is good at using a variety of metaphors, such as names, myths, folk tales, and even the body, music and symbols, highlight the theme of the work. On the basis of careful reading of Morrison's novels, the paper puts forward that different the form of metaphor in Morrison's novels by highlighting the theme of freedom in their works, the white society of black heart damage, and the black community's desire for freedom and the pursuit of.
The conclusion discusses the influence of the diversity of Morrison's narrative style on American literature. The skillful use of Morrison's narrative method makes her one of the leading figures in the post-modern literature of the United States. Her influence on black literature, American literature and even world literature is not to be ignored.

【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074

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