凝视下的占有，权力与爱：《独角兽》的后心理分析解读

发布时间：2018-03-03 08:04

本文选题：凝视　切入点：反凝视　出处：《赣南师范学院》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：艾丽丝·默多克(1919,7-1999,2),英国小说家，哲学家，出生于爱尔兰，闻名于其以善和恶，两性关系，道德，无意识的权力等政治和社会问题为主题的小说。其小说情节错综复杂、人物关系多变、充满丰富想象力和细致的描写并多涉及道德主题，她的作品同时将神话和日常生活融为一体，小说《独角兽》就是其中典范之一，独角兽，是传说中一种象征美和纯洁的吉祥物，它头和身似马，后腿似牡鹿，尾巴似狮子，前额中部有一螺旋状的独角。在小说中独角兽被外化为主人公汉娜，一个美丽，超然，默默承受苦难，不予任何反抗的囚犯。她成为了当地人们眼中的一个传说。汉娜不同寻常的经历使得她周围的人渐渐对她涂上一层谜一样的色彩，尤其是玛丽安和艾菲汉，甚至在不知不觉中被占据了自己的想象空间。在他们的凝视下，根据各自的想象和心理需要把汉娜塑造成独角兽，上帝，替罪羊，完美无缺的爱的对象，甚至是浪漫的传说。但是在默多克笔下的汉娜并非是这样的，她不爱她的丈夫彼特，她与邻居列殊.麦克斯的儿子皮普私通，被丈夫发现后于悬崖争吵时把丈夫推下悬崖摔至残废，以致被他囚禁盖茨堡七年。作为被看的客体和供人消费的观赏物，，汉娜也用反凝视者的角色在一点一点地做着反抗。她拒绝跟艾菲汉和玛丽安逃离盖茨堡，温柔而直接地告诉艾菲汉他们之间不可能有男女之爱。当玛丽安说大家都爱她时，她反驳道那不是真正的爱，他们从未爱过她。当皮普来要汉娜跟他离开，汉娜愤怒而绝情地斥责他七年的袖手旁观、无所行动，他没资格和权力爱她并带走她。最终，汉娜开枪打死了一直替她丈夫监管的管家杰拉尔德，然后跳崖自杀，把所有财产留给毫无关系的老麦克斯。汉娜用自己的方式对所有凝视者进行了反抗，走出了独角兽美丽圣洁的光圈，以死亡的形式获得了真正的自由。本文以福柯关于凝视的权力机制的论述为理论依据，从后心理分析解读默多克的小说《独角兽》，对小说中凝视者与被凝视者汉娜的关系进行了具体论述。希望从凝视与权力的关系的角度对默多克的作品《独角兽》进行新的认知，更深刻地理解在他者的凝视下所产生的权力对被凝视者的影响力，并从默多克的道德哲学观来分析小说主人公汉娜及其对爱与自由的理解与追求。
[Abstract]:Alice Murdoch, British novelist, philosopher, born in Ireland, is famous for her novels on political and social issues such as good and evil, gender relations, morality, unconscious power, and so on. The relationship between the characters is changeable, full of imagination and detailed description and more involved in moral themes, her works at the same time the myth and daily life into one, the novel "unicorn" is one of the models, unicorn, Is a legendary symbol of beauty and purity of the mascot, its head and body like a horse, hind legs like a stag, tail like a lion, the middle of the forehead has a spiral horn. In the novel, the unicorn is externalized as Hannah, a beautiful, detached, silently suffering, No prisoner of revolt. She became a legend in the eyes of the local people. Hannah's unusual experience made her increasingly enigmatic by people around her, especially Marianne and Ifihan. Even unwittingly occupied their imagination space. Under their gaze, according to their own imagination and psychological needs to shape Hannah as unicorn, God, scapegoat, perfect object of love, Even romantic legends. But that's not the case with Murdoch's Hannah. She doesn't love her husband, Peter. She's having an affair with neighbor Lish Max's son, Pip. When discovered and quarreled over a cliff, he was pushed off the cliff to be crippled, so that he imprisoned Gettysburg for seven years. As an object to be seen and an ornamental for human consumption, Hannah, too, resisted bit by bit with the character of an anti-gaze. She refused to run away from Gettysburg with Effihan and Marianne, gently and directly telling Effihan that there could be no love between men and women. When Marianne said everyone loved her, She retorted that it was not true love, that they had never loved her. When Pip came to ask Hannah to leave with him, Hannah angrily and cruelly berated him for seven years standing by and doing nothing, and he had no right and authority to love her and take her away. Finally, Hannah shot and killed Gerald, the housekeeper who had been in charge of her husband, then jumped off the cliff and killed herself, leaving all her possessions to the unrelated old Max Hanna, who rebelled against all the gawkers in her own way. Out of the halo of unicorn beauty and sanctity, true freedom in the form of death. This paper is based on Foucault's theory on the power mechanism of gaze. Based on the post-psychoanalysis of Murdoch's novel unicorn, this paper specifically discusses the relationship between the gazed and the gazed Hannah in the novel, hoping to have a new understanding of Murdoch's work unicorn from the angle of the relationship between gaze and power. It also analyzes Hannah, the protagonist of the novel, and her understanding and pursuit of love and freedom from the perspective of Murdoch's moral philosophy.
【学位授予单位】：赣南师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.074

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