戏仿、反英雄及荒诞：《罗森克兰茨与吉尔登斯邓恩已死》中黑色幽默特征解读

发布时间：2018-03-09 07:33

本文选题：汤姆·斯托帕德　切入点：《罗森克兰茨和吉尔登斯邓恩己死》　出处：《南京理工大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：戏剧《罗森克兰茨和吉尔登斯邓恩已死》是汤姆·斯托帕德的经典代表作之一,一经问世便获得举世好评。本文应用黑色幽默理论分别从人物塑造、主题、创作手法三个方面解读这一经典作品,通过分析戏剧里的荒诞不经、冷嘲热讽以及玩世不恭中包含的沉重和苦闷、眼泪和痛苦、忧郁和残酷,揭示人类荒诞的生存状态以及作者风趣幽默的语言的背后蕴藏对这个人类生存状态的理解。论文第一章着重分析戏剧在写作技巧方面即黑色幽默所表现的戏仿手法。作为后现代写作的重要技巧之一,戏仿这一写作技巧在文学创作过程中被广泛使用以起到喜剧的效果。戏仿同时也是黑色幽默文学的典型的写作手法之一,属二次创作的一种；它又称谐仿,是作者在自己的作品中对其他作品的风格,口吻以及人物等进行借用,以达到调侃、嘲讽、游戏甚至致敬的目的。戏仿往往会将黑色带入幽默,同时幽默中也夹杂着黑色元素。而作者在戏剧中对《哈姆雷特》的巧妙戏仿,表达了对这个荒诞和疯狂世界的态度。论文第二章节主要聚焦人物的刻画中的黑色幽默元素,通过探析非传统的黑色幽默性质的人物塑造揭示作者对世界的独特认识和态度。此章节将会运用反英雄理论分析人物。反英雄不同于传统的小说主人公,传统的主人公往往是比较勇敢、坚强、正义、尊严；相反,反英雄人物通常表现得荒诞、讽刺,可笑。是作品通过塑造反英雄,往往能体现他们的无助和茫然。以此来突显小众来体现这个荒诞世界的普通人的生存状态。在前文分析的基础上,第三章主要解读《罗森克兰茨和吉尔登斯邓恩已死》一剧的主题,分析黑色幽默的效果及其在主题层面的体现。在黑色幽默的文学作品中,常见的主题有荒诞、死亡、黑暗、残忍和腐败等；其中,荒诞和黑色主题几乎所有黑色幽默作品都有的共同主题,也是最具有代表性的主题。通过解读戏剧中的黑色幽默主题,让读者更加理解人类目前生存状态的荒诞,同时加深对死亡哲学的理解以及艺术和现实之间的差异。戏剧《罗森克兰茨和吉尔登斯邓恩已死》很好地诠释了黑色幽默的美学意义。斯托帕德擅长用荒诞讽刺荒诞,以幽默地视角去审视这个困惑的世界。此来表达对荒诞人生的理解。他的幽默背后深藏对这个荒诞世界,无意义人生的深刻见解。通过分析作品在写作手法,人物塑造以及戏剧主题等方面对黑色幽默的应用,论文探讨了《罗森克兰茨和吉尔登斯邓恩已死》尽现的汤姆·斯托帕德式幽默,并剖析了其幽默背后的意义。论文揭开了戏剧幽默背后的意义,也因此加深了读者对作者与戏剧作品的理解。
[Abstract]:The play Rosenkranz and Gilden Dunn is one of Tom Stoppard's classic masterpieces, and has won worldwide acclaim since it came out. Through the analysis of the absurdity, cynicism and cynicism of the drama, as well as the heaviness and distress contained in cynicism, tears and pain, melancholy and cruelty, It reveals the absurd living state of mankind and the understanding of the human existence state behind the author's humorous language. The first chapter focuses on the parody of drama in terms of writing skills, that is, black humor, which is one of the most important techniques in postmodern writing. Parody is widely used in the process of literary creation to achieve the effect of comedy. Parody is also one of the typical writing techniques of black humorous literature, which belongs to the second creation. It is the author who borrows the style, tone and characters of other works in his own works for the purpose of making fun of, mocking, playing games and even paying homage. Parody often brings black into humor. At the same time, the humor is also mixed with black elements, and the author expresses his attitude towards this absurd and crazy world through his clever parody of Hamlet in the play. The second chapter focuses on the black humor elements in the characterization of the characters. The author's unique understanding of the world and his attitude towards the world are revealed through the analysis of the unconventional black humor character shaping. This chapter will use the anti-hero theory to analyze the characters. Anti-hero is different from the traditional protagonist in the novel. The traditional protagonists are often brave, strong, just and dignified; on the contrary, anti-hero characters are often absurd, ironic and ridiculous. It often reflects their helplessness and blankness, thus highlighting the existence of ordinary people in this absurd world. On the basis of the previous analysis, the third chapter mainly interprets the theme of the play Rosenkranz and Gildensden Dunn, analyzes the effect of black humor and its embodiment at the theme level. Common themes include absurdity, death, darkness, cruelty and corruption; among them, absurd and black themes are common to almost all black humor works, and are the most representative themes. Let the reader understand the absurdity of human's living condition, and deepen the understanding of the philosophy of death and the difference between art and reality. The drama Rosenkranz and Gilden Dunn is a good illustration of the aesthetic meaning of black humor. Stoppard is good at satirizing absurdity with absurdity. Look at this confused world in a humorous way. This is to express his understanding of absurd life. Behind his humor lies a profound insight into this absurd world and meaningless life. Through the analysis of the writing techniques of his works, The use of black humor in character shaping and drama themes, the paper explores Tom Stoppard humor in Rosenkranz and Gildenstein. The paper reveals the meaning behind the drama humor and thus deepens the readers' understanding of the author and the dramatic works.
【学位授予单位】：南京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.073

【参考文献】