奈保尔作品中的后殖民话语分析

发布时间：2018-04-09 22:21

本文选题：奈保尔　切入点：《河湾》　出处：《南昌航空大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：维·苏· 奈保尔是一名典型的后殖民作家,其作品主要表现了后殖民主义时期,西方国家对第三世界,尤其是印度和非洲国家的控制和破坏,以及多元文化间的冲突和融合,并深刻地揭示了后殖民时期人民思想上的“病痛” 本论文将运用福柯的话语权力关系以及赛义德的东方学来分析奈保尔的《河湾》和《浮生》这两部作品中的后殖民话语。福柯关于话语权力关系的理论说明了权力与话语的关系,即话语被权力控制,权力源于话语。福柯认为,权力不只是物质或军事上的威力,还是一种可掌握的贯穿整个社会的“能量流”。福柯将权力看作是人们使用社会机制来表现一种真理,从而将自己的目的施加于社会的一种方式。赛义德的东方学则阐述了东西方之间的不平等权利。他认为,西方文化中对中东和东方长期错误和浪漫化的印象为欧美国家的殖民主义提供了借口。基于福柯的话语权力理论和赛义德的东方学,本文将采用例证分析法,来分析奈保尔小说中的后殖民话语。结合福柯的话语权力关系和赛义德的东方学,本论文首先运用福柯话语权力关系中的一个重要概念- “凝视”,来揭示奈保尔作品中东西方人们之间的不平等权利关系。在夹缝中生存的印度人总是在西方人面前扮演着一种被凝视的角色,而他们同时又凝视着地位低下的普通人。这便让他们产生了一种对自己身份的模糊认识。其次,通过小说中人们话语的表达方式来验证话语与权力的关系,以揭示后殖民话语在奈保尔作品中的具体体现。作为“夹缝人”的印度人,他们通常接受了西方的高等教育,从而认定西方思想,并运用所谓的“权力”,表达出一种特有的话语-权力话语,这便是奈保尔作品中话语与权利的关系表现。再次,通过后殖民主义给东方国家带来的影响,我们研究人们为什么最终改变对后殖民的看法。作为被西方凝视的对象,人们深刻地了解到东西方之间的不平等,于是开始排斥西方思想。他们试图创造新文化、新思想,却并没有可依靠的本土文化作为基础,以至于只能运用西方文化来创造一切。这是“夹缝人”所特有的一种对西方文化依赖而又排斥的思想。透过对奈保尔作品中的后殖民话语分析,本论文最主要的目的是揭示出奈保尔作品的话语含义以及蕴含其中的思想意识形态，那便是一种对无根生活、模糊身份的困惑以及对真理的追寻。
[Abstract]:VesuNaipaul is a typical post-colonial writer whose works mainly reflect the post-colonial period, Western control and destruction of the third world, especially India and African countries, as well as the conflict and integration between cultures.And deeply reveals the "illness" in the people's thought in the post-colonial period.This thesis uses Foucault's discourse power relationship and said's Orientalism to analyze the postcolonial discourse in Naipaul's "River Bay" and "floating Life".Foucault's theory of discourse power relationship illustrates the relationship between power and discourse, that is, discourse is controlled by power and power originates from discourse.Foucault believes that power is not only material or military power, but also a manageable "energy flow" across society.Foucault regards power as a way for people to use social mechanisms to express a truth and thus impose their own ends on society.Said's Orientalism expounds the unequal rights between East and West.He believes that the long-term mistaken and romantic impression of the Middle East and the East in Western culture provides an excuse for colonialism in Europe and the United States.Based on Foucault's theory of discourse power and said's Orientalism, this paper analyzes the postcolonial discourse in Naipaul's novels by using the method of illustrative analysis.Combined with Foucault's discourse power relationship and said's Orientalism, this thesis first applies an important concept in Foucault's discourse power relationship.Gaze to reveal the unequal power relationship between East and West in Naipaul's works.The Indians who survive in the cracks always play a kind of staring role in front of the westerners, while they gaze at the inferior ordinary people at the same time.This gave them a vague idea of their identity.Secondly, the relationship between discourse and power is verified by the expression of human discourse in the novel to reveal the concrete embodiment of postcolonial discourse in Naipaul's works.As Indians, they usually receive higher education in the West, so they recognize the western thought, and use the so-called "power" to express a kind of special discourse-power discourse.This is the expression of the relationship between words and rights in Naipaul's works.Thirdly, through the influence of post-colonialism on the eastern countries, we study why people finally change their view of post-colonialism.As the object of Western gaze, people deeply understand the inequality between East and West, so they began to reject Western thought.They try to create new culture, new ideas, but not rely on local culture as the basis, so that they can only use Western culture to create everything.It is a kind of thought which depends on and repels the western culture.Through the analysis of postcolonial discourse in Naipaul's works, the main purpose of this thesis is to reveal the discourse meaning of Naipaul's works and the ideology contained therein, that is, a kind of rootless life.The confusion of fuzzy identity and the pursuit of truth.
【学位授予单位】：南昌航空大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.074

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