论陀思妥耶夫斯基笔下的启示形象

发布时间：2018-05-06 10:51

本文选题：陀思妥耶夫斯基 + 启示　；参考：《辽宁师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：陀思妥耶夫斯基的作品反映着俄罗斯的黑夜，他向读者展现了人生的悲惨与乏味，以尖锐的笔触探求人类灵魂的崇高与卑微，开启了俄罗斯灵魂的深度。随着时间的推移，他的小说如同一坛老酒，愈发香醇。陀氏小说的影响从俄罗斯本土扩大到世界各地，在世界现实主义文学与哲学领域拥有至高地位。陀思妥耶夫斯基一生创作了许多形形色色的主人公，他通过对主人公的描述探求人的本质，洞悉人灵魂深处的秘密，正如他自己所说的“人是一个谜，应当猜透它，即使穷尽毕生之力”。陀思妥耶夫斯基创作时有一类主人公患有癫痫疾病或精神障碍，但他们的思想深邃且富有预见性，在小说创作中起到承启下文、促使情节突转与试金石等作用，启示形象也具有圣愚特征，他们精神蜕变的过程也具有反映社会悖谬，关注人类悲剧的深远意义，因而这类形象值得人们去探索。1974年布留索夫《陀思妥耶夫斯基的个性》中对陀思妥耶夫斯基癫痫病症予以高度重视，他认为陀思妥耶夫斯基的癫痫病体验如同约伯经受上帝的考验一样，具有受难并坚持信仰的美德，但是他没有看到这类形象坚定信仰与约伯虔诚膜拜的内在关系；2002年广西师范大学范熠辉硕士论文《癫痫病症和陀思妥耶夫斯基的小说创作》罗列了陀思妥耶夫斯基小说中癫痫精神障碍病人形象，他认为病人在结构和主题上有着深刻的意义，却没有分析疯癫形象一百年来给予读者心灵震撼的深远意义。笔者通过对陀思妥耶夫斯基笔下病态形象整合，结合作家自身经历及其宗教观，将疯癫形象对上帝的感知能力和对读者的启迪作用称为启示，将这类形象称之为启示形象。本文力求通过梳理，探讨启示形象的诗学、宗教、哲理等方面意义。本文分六部分论述：第一部分是绪论，说明启示一词的来源及含义，界定具有陀思妥耶夫斯基特色的启示有受难与记录的特征；第二部分是作家的启示体验，以作家所患癫痫病为切入点，阐释作家由疾病引发启示的过程；第三部分是启示形象的结构意义，以启示形象患病影响情节发展为根据，论述启示形象在陀氏小说创作中的承接下文改变人物命运与使小说情节突变的作用；第四部分是是启示形象的宗教意义，发掘启示形象圣愚般特征和试金石作用；第五部分是启示形象隐喻意义与主题意义，将启示形象放到文化与社会语境下探讨，关注人精神上的蜕变过程，，以此来了解启示形象使小说主题深化启迪读者的艺术独创性；第六部分是结语，总结全文，认为启示形象开启了陀思妥耶夫斯基小说中人物分析的新视角，形成了全新的艺术特色和创作倾向，拓宽了疯癫形象在主题中的深远意义，将笔触融入疯癫的体验，了解十九世纪中期俄罗斯人生存的尴尬境遇，关注西方现代社会普遍存在的悖谬行为与悲剧性，启迪读者人要保持神性才能走向内在的圆满。
[Abstract]:Dostoevsky's works reflect the night of Russia. He shows readers the misery and boredom of human life, explores the sublimity and inferiority of human soul with sharp strokes, and opens the depth of Russian soul. As time went on, his novels became more and more mellow as a jar of old wine. The influence of Tuoshi's novels expanded from the native Russia to other parts of the world and held the highest position in the field of world realistic literature and philosophy. Dostoevsky created many different protagonists in his life. Through his description of the protagonists, Dostoevsky explored the nature of man and understood the deep secrets of his soul. As he himself put it, "Man is a mystery, and we should know it." Even to the best of his life. " Dostoevsky created a class of protagonists suffering from epilepsy or mental disorders, but their thinking is profound and predictable, in the creation of novels play a role in the following, promote the plot of sudden change and touchstone, and so on. Revelation images also have the characteristics of "holy folly", and their spiritual transformation also reflects the social paradoxes and pays close attention to the profound significance of human tragedy. So this kind of image is worth exploring. In 1974, Bulisov's Personality of Dostoevsky attached great importance to Dostoevsky's epilepsy. He believes that Dostoevsky's epileptic experience has the same virtues of suffering and faith as Job is tested by God. But he did not see the inner relationship between this kind of image firm belief and Job's piety. In 2002, Fan Ying-hui 's master thesis on epilepsy and Dostoevsky's novel of Guangxi normal University listed Dostoevs. The image of epileptic mental disorder patients in his novels, He believes that the patient has profound significance in structure and theme, but does not analyze the profound significance of the image of madness which has shocked the mind of readers for one hundred years. By integrating the pathological images of Dostoevsky and combining the writer's own experience and religious views, the author calls the mad image's apocalyptic ability to God and its enlightening effect to readers as inspiration, and this kind of image is called revelation image. This paper tries to explore the poetics, religion, philosophy and so on. This paper is divided into six parts: the first part is an introduction to explain the origin and meaning of the word revelation, to define the characteristics of suffering and recording of revelation with Dostoevsky characteristics, the second part is the author's enlightenment experience. The third part is about the structural significance of the revelation image, which is based on the influence of illness on the development of the plot. The fourth part is about the religious significance of the revelation image, the exploration of the holy folly characteristics of the revelation image and its role as a touchstone. The fifth part is the metaphorical meaning and thematic meaning of apocalyptic image. It discusses the apocalyptic image in the context of culture and society, pays attention to the process of spiritual transformation of human beings, so as to understand that the theme of apocalyptic image deepens the artistic originality of readers. The sixth part is the conclusion, which summarizes the full text, thinks that the revelation image opens a new perspective of character analysis in Dostoevsky's novels, forms a new artistic feature and creative tendency, and widens the far-reaching significance of crazy image in the theme. Integrating the works into the crazy experience, understanding the awkward circumstances of the Russian people in the middle of the nineteenth century, paying attention to the common paradoxical behavior and tragedy in the western modern society, enlightening readers to keep the divinity in order to move towards the inner perfection.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I512.074

【共引文献】