霍桑《红字》中的身体叙述

发布时间：2018-05-17 07:59

本文选题：霍桑 + 《红字》　；参考：《西南大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：霍桑是19世纪美国最杰出的作家之一,也是美国文学的奠基人之一。他的代表作《红字》一经问世就取得了巨大的成功,被誉为美国浪漫主义的杰作,同时也被认为代表了霍桑最高的文学成就。霍桑在小说中体现出他矛盾的宗教观,评论家从不同角度对其进行了研究。然而鲜有人从《红字》中人物的身体角度出发,通过揭示小说中的身体叙述来研究霍桑的宗教观。本文通过细读《红字》,从小说中男女主人公的身体叙述出发,并结合身体文化批评,分析各种身体形象在小说中的深层意义,揭露了清教思想对身体的压迫及主人公渴望通过身体反抗来获得自由,同时也传达出霍桑对清教思想的的矛盾态度。在批判清教主义的残忍冷酷的同时,霍桑也运用其教条作为衡量人物的标准,认为人们必须为罪付出相应的代价,只有通过救赎才能从罪恶中解脱。本文共分五个部分,导论部分概括了自《红字》出版以来评论家对小说中霍桑宗教观的分析。这些评论主要从宗教研究,原型批评及女性主义方面对霍桑在小说中呈现出的清教宗教观进行了分析。但是以上评论都没有考虑霍桑运用身体叙述来传达其宗教观。第一章研究了自尼采至福柯以来的身体理论的发展。西方传统观念中身体一直处于灵魂的对立面,灵魂高于身体。清教教义对身体也持否定的态度。自尼采提出身体理论以来,身体开始受到重视。而弗洛伊德,梅洛-庞蒂及福柯的身体理论进一步证实了身体的重要地位,为解读《红字》中身体叙述提供了依据。第二章着重探讨了小说主人公在清教思想压迫下所呈现出的两种类型的身体：标记的身体及痛苦的身体。通过身体叙述,霍桑在批判清教教条压抑人性的同时,也指出主人公必须为罪行付出代价。第三章分析了在清教思想束缚下身体所表现出的两种反抗状态,即美丽的身体及身体的重生。霍桑赞美了主人公具有反叛意识的身体,但也认为只有通过忏悔和救赎才能得到解脱。结论部分总结了《红字》中的身体描写所代表的意义,指出通过身体叙述,霍桑传达了其对清教思想的矛盾态度。
[Abstract]:Hawthorne was one of the most outstanding American writers in the 19 th century and one of the founders of American literature. His masterpiece, the Scarlet letter, has achieved great success since it came out. It is regarded as the masterpiece of American romanticism, and it is also considered to represent Hawthorne's highest literary achievement. Hawthorne reflects his contradictory religious views in his novels, which are studied by critics from different angles. However, few people study Hawthorne's religious views from the perspective of the body of the characters in the Scarlet letter by revealing the body narration in the novel. By reading the Scarlet letter carefully, starting from the body narration of the protagonists and heroines in the novel and combining the body culture criticism, this paper analyzes the deep meaning of various body images in the novel. It reveals the oppression of the body by Puritanism and the protagonist's desire to obtain freedom through physical resistance, and also conveys Hawthorne's contradictory attitude towards Puritanism. While criticizing the cruelty and ruthlessness of Puritanism Hawthorne also uses his dogma as the standard to measure characters and thinks that people must pay a corresponding price for sin and only through redemption can they be freed from sin. This paper is divided into five parts. The introduction summarizes the critics' analysis of Hawthorne's religious views in the novel since the publication of the Scarlet letter. These comments mainly analyze Hawthorne's Puritanism in his novels from the aspects of religious studies archetypal criticism and feminism. But none of these comments considered Hawthorne's use of body narration to convey his religious views. The first chapter studies the development of body theory since Nietzsche to Foucault. In the western tradition, the body is always opposite of the soul, the soul is higher than the body. Puritan doctrine also holds a negative attitude towards the body. Since Nietzsche put forward the body theory, the body began to be valued. Freud, Melo-Ponty and Foucault's body theory further confirmed the important position of body and provided the basis for the interpretation of body narration in the Scarlet letter. Chapter two focuses on the two types of body which the protagonist presents under the oppression of Puritan thought: the marked body and the painful body. Through body narration, Hawthorne, while criticizing the Puritans and suppressing human nature, also points out that the protagonist must pay the price for the crime. The third chapter analyzes the two kinds of resistance of the body under the bondage of Puritan thought, that is, the beautiful body and its rebirth. Hawthorne praised the hero's rebellious body, but also believed that only through repentance and redemption can be extricated. The conclusion summarizes the significance of body description in the Scarlet letter and points out that Hawthorne conveys his contradictory attitude towards Puritan thoughts through body narration.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074

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