不可靠叙述理论视阈下《局外人》的文本分析

发布时间：2018-05-17 21:42

本文选题：不可靠叙述 + 隐含作者　；参考：《安徽大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：读者在阅读《局外人》文本时,会发现叙述者在文本叙述中时常存在自相矛盾的地方,从而给读者带来阅读和理解上的疑惑,而如何解读这种疑惑就成为创作者抛给读者的难题。笔者认为叙事学中的不可靠叙述理论可以成为读者解读这些疑问的理论依据。众所周知,不可靠叙述理论的核心内容是指叙述者不可靠的叙述,其是相对于文本中叙述者的可靠叙述而存在的。本论文着重借助不可靠叙述领域修辞学派代表人物詹姆斯·费伦主张的隐含作者规范和认知学派塔玛·雅克比的读者规范,结合叙述者在文本叙述中出现的矛盾点,从事实/事件轴上的不充分报道、知识/感知轴上的不充分解读和价值/判断轴上的不充分判断这三个层面来对文本进行分析解读：在事实/事件轴上,叙述者仅选用莫尔索在母亲葬礼上未哭泣的表现来表明其对母亲情感冷酷,而对他与母亲精神上的共鸣却少叙述,从而造成事实/事件轴上的不充分报道；同样在知识/感知轴上,由于叙述者对主人公莫尔索的爱情观和其在狱中心态的不充分解读,致使叙述者集中笔墨叙述莫尔索对玛丽肉体上的满足及其在监狱中表现出的麻木不仁,从而带来知识/感知轴上的不充分解读；在价值/判断轴上,叙述者仅仅聚焦于莫尔索庭审上冷漠、玩世不恭以及坦然面对死亡的结局,缺乏对其自我生存法则以及对其遭受集体性迫害的叙述,从而造成不充分的价值判断。这些不充分报道、不充分解读和不充分的判断则共同构成了文本的不可靠叙述。随后,在对文本中不可靠叙述类归分析的基础上,从文本《局外人》中隐含作者的思想规范及其理论依据真实作者加缪本人的哲学观出发,着重对隐含作者的价值取向作进一步深入探讨。笔者认为本文隐含作者的价值取向是作者加缪本人世俗哲学观在作品中的投射,从而使得主人公面对死亡时坦然接受生命的有限性,最大限度地热爱和享受这短暂的生命,相信生活的美好,以真实的态度对待生活。最后,本文对作品《局外人》中不可靠叙述的意义、不可靠叙述使得作者加缪创作理念得以实现以及不可靠叙述所具有的一定普适性给予关照。笔者认为不可靠叙述的存在,不仅在美学意义上为小说追求形式和内容的统一提供了可能性,而且还具有调动读者积极参与的功能,从而丰富了解读的空间。
[Abstract]:When readers read the text of "outsider", they will find that the narrator often has contradictions in the narration of the text, thus causing the reader to read and understand the confusion. And how to interpret this puzzle becomes a puzzle that the creator throws to the reader. The author thinks that the unreliable narrative theory in narratology can be used as the theoretical basis for readers to interpret these questions. As we all know, the core content of the theory of unreliable narration is the narrator's unreliable narration, which exists relative to the narrator's reliable narration in the text. This thesis focuses on the implied author norms advocated by James Fellen, a representative of the rhetoric school in the field of unreliable narration, and the reader norms of Tamar Jacobi, a cognitive school, combining with the contradictions that the narrator appears in the text narration. The text is analyzed and interpreted from the three aspects of inadequate reporting on the axis of fact / event, inadequate interpretation of the axis of knowledge / perception and inadequate judgment on the axis of value / judgment: on the axis of fact / event, The narrator only chooses Morso's expression of not crying at the mother's funeral to show his cold feelings towards his mother, but his spiritual resonance with his mother is less narrated, resulting in insufficient report on the axis of facts / events. Also on the axis of knowledge / perception, due to the narrator's inadequate interpretation of Morso's view of love and his mentality in prison, Causing the narrator to concentrate on Morso's physical satisfaction with Mary and her insensitivity in prison, leading to an inadequate interpretation of the axis of knowledge / perception; on the axis of value / judgment, The narrator only focuses on Morso's apathy, cynicism and calm face to the end of death, and lacks the narration of his self-existence law and his collective persecution, which results in inadequate value judgment. These inadequate reports, inadequate interpretation and inadequate judgment constitute the unreliable narration of the text. Then, on the basis of the analysis of the classification of unreliable narration in the text, the author's ideological norms and his theory are based on the philosophy of the true author Camus. Emphasis is placed on the value orientation of the implied author. The author thinks that the author's value orientation is the projection of the author's secular philosophy in his works, so that the protagonist can accept the limitation of life in the face of death, and love and enjoy this short life to the maximum extent. Believe in the beauty of life, with a true attitude towards life. Finally, this paper gives attention to the significance of unreliable narration in the work "outsider", which makes the writer realize Camus' creative idea and give attention to the universality of unreliable narration. The author thinks that the existence of unreliable narration not only provides the possibility for the unity of form and content in aesthetic sense, but also has the function of mobilizing the readers to participate actively, thus enriching the space for interpretation.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I565.074

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