空间叙事学视角下的《麦克白》解读

发布时间：2018-05-18 03:34

本文选题：空间叙事 + 空间类型　；参考：《赣南师范学院》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：1564年,英国文坛诞生了一位伟人:威廉·莎士比亚。他用独到的文字创作了许多脍炙人口的作品,在欧洲乃至世界文学史上占有特殊地位。他的四大悲剧《哈姆雷特》、《奥赛罗》、《李尔王》和《麦克白》是他文学创作生涯中浓墨重彩的一笔。《麦克白》以篇幅最短,情节发展最迅速,情感最激烈为特色,描述了英雄麦克白在各种因素作用下变成一个残忍暴君的故事。一直以来,众多学者各从不同的角度分析和解读这部作品。如从精神分析、女性主义批评、存在主义、意象分析和悲剧主题分析等角度切入,探索《麦克白》的人物形象、思想主题等。近年来,受到人文社会科学领域中“空间转向”的影响,空间问题越来越引起学者们和评论界的注意,空间叙事在文学领域的运用愈来愈频繁。然而,从空间叙事的角度对戏剧文本的研究还是比较鲜见,特别是对莎士比亚的《麦克白》文本的全面系统的空间叙事学解读还是没有的。本论文在“空间叙事”理论的基础上,探索《麦克白》中的空间类型、空间叙事技巧。首先,简要介绍研究背景、莎士比亚的悲剧《麦克白》及空间叙事理论。其次,从列斐伏尔、佐伦等人的有关空间理论来解读该戏剧文本。从地志空间角度,分析《麦克白》里三个具体的地志空间场景,即荒原、城堡和战场,每一个地志空间都有着不同的环境,不同的氛围,不同的寓意,分别上演着不同的事件,也产生了不同的社会空间,不同的心理空间。这些不同空间的解读有助于更好地理解这部悲剧。从社会空间角度,分析英国当时的动荡的社会背景及两希文化影响下的文化背景。从心理空间角度,分析主人公麦克白内心“本我”“自我”和“超我”的强烈对抗及麦克白夫人作为“他者”角色的自我迷失的内心活动。从文本空间角度,剖析女巫预言的叙事圈套和多声部的复调叙事技巧的运用。最后,总结部分,本文通过空间叙事理论来解读《麦克白》,将有助于读者从不同的侧面进一步理解莎士比亚的悲剧,也有助于丰富空间叙事学理论在戏剧文本中的应用。
[Abstract]:In 1564, a great man was born in English literature: William Shakespeare. He created many famous works with unique writing, which occupies a special position in the history of European and even world literature. His four tragedies, Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth, are the most striking strokes in his literary career. < Macbeth > is characterized by the shortest length, the fastest development of the plot, and the most intense emotion. Describes the hero Macbeth under various factors into a cruel tyrant story. All along, many scholars analyze and interpret this work from different angles. For example, from the perspective of psychoanalysis, feminist criticism, existentialism, image analysis and tragic theme analysis, this paper explores the characters and ideological themes of Macbeth. In recent years, under the influence of "space turning" in the field of humanities and social sciences, the space problem has attracted more and more attention of scholars and critics, and the use of spatial narration in the field of literature has become more and more frequent. However, the study of drama texts from the perspective of spatial narration is still relatively rare, especially the comprehensive and systematic spatial narratology interpretation of Shakespeare's "Macbeth" text. Based on the theory of spatial narration, this paper explores the spatial types and techniques of spatial narration in Macbeth. Firstly, the research background, Shakespeare's tragedy Macbeth and the theory of spatial narration are briefly introduced. Secondly, the text of the play is interpreted from the space theory of Lefeivoll and Zoran. From the perspective of geoscientific space, this paper analyzes the three specific geochronological space scenes in Macbeth, that is, the wasteland, the castle and the battlefield, each of which has a different environment, different atmosphere, different moral, and different events. Also produced different social space, different psychological space. The interpretation of these different spaces contributes to a better understanding of the tragedy. From the perspective of social space, this paper analyzes the turbulent social background and the cultural background under the influence of the two Greek cultures. From the perspective of psychological space, this paper analyzes the inner "ego" and "superego" of the protagonist Macbeth and the inner activities of Lady Macbeth's lost self as the "other" character. From the perspective of text space, this paper analyzes the narrative trap predicted by witches and the application of polyphonic narrative techniques. Finally, in the conclusion part, this paper interprets Macbeth through the space narrative theory, which will help readers to further understand Shakespeare's tragedy from different aspects and enrich the application of spatial narratology in the drama text.
【学位授予单位】：赣南师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：I561.073

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