族裔性与国际主义的融合：石黑一雄三部作品创作特征探索

发布时间：2018-05-30 23:25

本文选题：石黑一雄 + 族裔性　；参考：《南京师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：日裔英国作家石黑一雄(Kazuo Ishiguro)因其特殊的双重文化身份在当代文坛备受瞩目,他的每一部作品都曾获重要奖项,其中包括一次布克奖和三次布克奖提名。作为一名移民作家,评论界对于石黑一雄的民族身份讨论颇多,对于其作品中的日本或者英国特征甚为关注,但是他似乎并不欣赏这样的冠名,而是以“国际主义作家”自诩。在他的作品中,帝国、阶级、无法抗拒的责任与命运是一个永恒的主题,主人公第一人称的叙述视角如同与读者对话般将一生的悲欢离合,起起伏伏娓娓道来,在对过往的追忆中穷尽着无限的感慨。作品中没有浮华的辞藻,没有复杂的写作技巧,仅仅是这简单的文字、淡淡的忧伤,这就足以引发读者内心的悲悯与思考。本文结合后殖民理论,加之美国人类学家鲁思·本尼迪克特关于日本文化类型的分析以及日本历史学家井上清、以色列社会学家艾森斯塔特等学者对于日本社会历史的研究,以对话的方式,努力揭示石黑一雄在《浮世画家》、《长日留痕》和《别让我走》这三部不同时期作品中,所暗含的族裔性和国际主义的双声部创作特征,凸显这两种创作理念在其作品中的融合。不管石黑一雄怎样界定自己的身份,根植于其血脉中的日本文化身影是抹杀不掉的,这种族裔性的彰显或许才是使世界文学得以大放异彩的核心所在。民族与世界这两个概念并不应该是对立存在的,本文对于作者的族裔性探讨并非是基于种族主义或者是狭隘的民族主义,而是在探寻少数民族作家在主流文化背景下是怎样抒写民族文化,所谓民族的才是世界的。本文首先探讨了《浮世画家》中所体现的日本民族性格中的矛盾特征,其次是《长日留痕》中以英国外衣为遮掩的日本文化精髓的续写和后殖民语境下战后日本民族地位的矛盾转变,最后是《别让我走》中关于更为深层的日本社会集团的刻画。此外,石黑一雄的“国际主义创作”是对话中不可或缺的另一部分。一部好的小说一定是可以引发不同文化背景下人们的共鸣,这种跨越种族的国际主义情怀正是石黑一雄不懈努力所追求的。本文通过对作者笔下小人物的精神和生存状态的分析,加之后殖民理论关于“他者”、“属下”、“内部殖民主义”等问题的探讨,深入分析了三部作品中的强势国家的文化殖民、多元文化实质、人类社会发展所带来的种种道德存在困境等等一系列值得令人深思的当代文明发展问题。从对话的角度来看,笔者认为,这种复调式的对于文学文本的解读是有利于文学批评的全面发展的,不给作家贴上某种身份的标签,而将其中的双声部甚至是多声部完全展现给读者,从而使读者留下更多想象和思考的空间。族裔性和国际主义创作是石黑一雄作品中突出的两大方面,它们的融合和互相超越才使得少数民族作家在主流文化的冲击中保持着鲜活的生命力和吸引力,也正是这层独特性才使得文学界呈现百花齐放的盛世景象。
[Abstract]:Ishiguro Yiyu (Kazuo Ishiguro), a Japanese British writer, has attracted much attention in the contemporary literary world because of his special dual cultural identity. Each of his works has been awarded an important award, including a buck award and three buck nominations. As an immigrant writer, the critics have a lot of discussions on the national identity of Shi Kurochi O and his works. Japanese or British characteristics are very concerned, but he does not seem to appreciate such a name, but as a "internationalist writer". In his works, the Empire, the class, the irresistible responsibility and destiny are an eternal theme, and the narration of the protagonist's first person's narration is like the joys and joys of a lifetime, like a dialogue with the reader. There is no limitless emotion in the recollection of the past. There are no flamboyant rhetoric in the works, no complex writing skills, only this simple text, light sadness, which is enough to cause the readers' inner pity and thinking. This article combines the post colonization theory with the American anthropologist Ruth Benedek The analysis of Japanese cultural types and the Japanese historian Inoue Kiyo, the Israeli sociologist Eisenstadt and other scholars for the study of Japanese social history, in a dialogue way, try to reveal Ishiguro Yiyu's ethnicity and country implied in the works of the three different periods: "the painter of the world", "the long day" and "do not let me go". The creation characteristics of the double voices of interism highlight the integration of the two creative ideas in their works. No matter how Ishiguro Yiyu defines his identity, the Japanese culture is rooted in his blood, which may be the core of the world literature, which is the core of the world literature. The nation and the world are two. The concept of the author's ethnicity is not based on racism or narrow-minded nationalism, but it is to explore how minority writers express national culture in the mainstream culture background, and the so-called national is the world. The contradiction features of the Japanese national character, followed by the renewal of the Japanese culture and the post-war Japanese national status in the postcolonial context of the "long day stay" and the postcolonial context of postcolonial Japanese national status. Finally, "do not let me go" on the deeper Japanese social group. In addition, Ishiguro Yiyu's "internationalist creation". "It is an indispensable part of the dialogue. A good novel must resonate with people in different cultural backgrounds. This kind of internationalist sentiment across race is the pursuit of Ishiguro Yiyu's unremitting efforts. This article, through the analysis of the spirit and survival of the writer, adds to the theory of colonialism." "The other", "subordinates", "internal colonialism" and other issues, in-depth analysis of the three works of the strong state of the cultural colonization, multicultural essence, the moral existence of human social development, and so on a series of moral problems which are worthy of contemplation. From a dialogue point of view, I recognize that This kind of polyphony interpretation of literary texts is conducive to the comprehensive development of literary criticism. It does not label a writer with a certain identity, but the double voice and even the multi voice part is fully displayed to the reader, so that the reader will leave more space for imagination and thinking. Ethnicity and internationalism are the works of Ishiguro Yiyu. In the two major aspects, the integration and Transcendence of them make the minority writers maintain vivid vitality and attraction in the impact of the mainstream culture, and it is the uniqueness of this layer that makes the literary world present a flourishing scene.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.074

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