疯狂的叛逆者—纪伯伦笔下的“狂人”形象探析

发布时间：2018-06-28 22:33

本文选题：纪伯伦 + 狂人形象　；参考：《天津师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：“黎巴嫩文坛骄子”纪伯伦不仅是阿拉伯人民的骄傲,也为世界人民留下了宝贵的精神财富。纪伯伦出生时的黎巴嫩正处于奥斯曼土耳其帝国的封建统治时期,黎巴嫩被他们摧残殆尽,纪伯伦自小就萌发出对祖国的无限同情和对侵略者的憎恨。这也成为他的叛逆精神产生的根源。而在西方生活和学习的经历让纪伯伦接触到了处在萌芽时期的现代主义文学思潮,现代主义的叛逆特征与纪伯伦的叛逆性格不谋而合,不仅大大的丰富了纪伯伦的视野,也丰富了他的文学创作的风格和内容。这种叛逆的性格成为纪伯伦笔下“狂人”形象形成的原因之一母亲、妹妹、哥哥相继离世,让纪伯伦倍感痛苦。与玛丽·哈斯凯尔和梅娅·齐雅黛的爱情无果让纪伯伦原本孤寂的心变得更加孤单。而孤独成为纪伯伦塑造“狂人”形象的一个内在因素。纪伯伦特别喜欢尼采,尼采对纪伯伦的影响是猛烈的。纪伯伦尤其喜欢尼采笔下的超人形象,超人敢于否定宗教信仰,颠覆旧的道德文化,他敢于蔑视一切而放大自身的价值。孤独而叛逆的纪伯伦遇到了超人,“狂人”诞生了 “狂人”的诞生经历了形成发展的历程。在纪伯伦早期的小说创作中就蕴藏着“狂人”的雏形。《疯子约翰》和《叛教者哈利勒》就是“狂人”最初的形象。他们敢于揭露教会剥削穷人的行径,而被教士污蔑为疯子。《疯人》标志着“狂人”的初步形成。在《疯人》中,纪伯伦塑造了一个揭掉了虚伪的面具,用真实的自我面对现实的“狂人”。《暴风集》中的疯狂之神、掘墓人和优素福·法赫里标志着“狂人”的最终形成。此时的“狂人”不仅是用眼睛观察,而敢于付诸行动,不仅批判教会,还是揭露现实和人性的丑恶面,且肯定自我的价值,成为真正的“狂人’ 纪伯伦笔下的“狂人”充满叛逆精神,敢于批判世俗教会,抨击现实和人性的丑恶,质疑传统伦理和现代文明,甚至超越了宗教的束缚。而种种反叛又说明了“狂人”是清醒的,因为他看到了人性的丑恶,现实的黑暗,并与之完全对立。同时,“狂人”是孤独的,因为无人理解,而他又乐享孤独。“狂人”又是自由的,因为他的疯狂已经让他摆脱了世间的种种束缚,只追求心灵的觉醒。
[Abstract]:Not only the pride of the Arab people, but also the precious spiritual wealth of the people of the world. Lebanon was under the feudal rule of the Ottoman Turkish Empire at the time of Giberlain's birth, and Lebanon was destroyed by them. Since he was a child, he has developed boundless sympathy for his motherland and hatred for the invaders. It also became the root of his rebellious spirit. However, the experience of living and studying in the West has exposed Giberlain to the trend of modernist literature in its infancy. The rebellious characteristics of modernism coincide with his rebellious character, which not only greatly enriches his vision, It also enriches the style and content of his literary creation. This rebellious character became one of the causes of Giberlain's image of "Mad Man", one of the causes of the death of his mother, sister and brother. The love with Mary Haskell and Maia Chiedei made Kiberln's lonely heart even more lonely. Loneliness has become an internal factor of Giberlain's portrayal of "Mad Man". Giberlain particularly liked Nietzsche, whose influence on him was fierce. He especially likes Nietzsche's superman image. Superman dares to deny religious belief and upend the old moral culture. He dares to despise everything and magnify his own value. Lonely and rebellious Kiberon met Superman, and the birth of Mad Man experienced the process of formation and development. In the early novels of Gibberen, there is the rudimentary form of "Mad Man". "Mad John" and "Khelil the apostate" are the original images of "Mad Man". They dared to expose the church's exploitation of the poor and were stigmatized by priests as madmen. In Mad Man, Giberlain molds a "madman" who removes the mask of hypocrisy and faces reality with his true self. The mad god, the grave digger and Yusuf Fahri, in the Storm, marks the final formation of the Mad Man. The "madman" of this time not only observes with his eyes, but dares to act, not only criticizes the church, but also exposes the ugly aspects of reality and humanity, and affirms the value of himself. To become a true "madman" is full of rebellious spirit, dares to criticize the secular church, criticizes the ugliness of reality and humanity, questions the traditional ethics and modern civilization, and even transcends the bondage of religion. The rebellion shows that the madman is sober, for he sees the ugliness of human nature, the darkness of reality, and is completely opposed to it. At the same time, Mad Man is lonely, because no one understands, and he enjoys loneliness. The madman is free again, for his madness has freed him from the bondage of the world and only seeks the awakening of his soul.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074

【参考文献】