言语行为理论视角下《爱玛》中的反讽研究

发布时间：2018-07-12 11:35

本文选题：言语行为理论 + 反讽　；参考：《东北财经大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文从言语行为理论的视角,就简·奥斯汀的小说《爱玛》中反讽的运用进行了详尽的分析。本文回顾了以往对反讽的理论研究,分别从修辞学、语用学、认知语言学、心理语言学和文学角度进行分析,详细地阐述了言语行为理论与反讽之间的联系。最后,本文以言语行为理论为理论基础,就《爱玛》中的反讽使用进行了个案研究。随着语言学的发展,语用学理论开始与语言结合起来,从而一门新的边缘学科——文学语用学开始引起国内外学者们的兴趣。文学语用学是一个极其有用的分析工具。它的理论有效性可以在文本中得到充分验证,尤其是在挖掘文学作品的主题时,它的有效性显得更为突出。作为语用学的一个重要分支,言语行为是该学科的主要理论。并且,反讽作为一个关键的写作手段,也与言语行为理论有着非常密切的联系。两者的契合主要体现在四个方面：1)反讽与间接言语行为；2)反讽与言外行为；3)反讽与言后之果；4)反讽与诚意原则。然而,当前,尤其是在中国,该理论对于一些学者来说,依然很陌生。因此,本文旨在运用该理论分析英国著名文学作品之一——简·奥斯汀的《爱玛》。简·奥斯汀是十八世纪末和十九世纪初著名的英国女作家,她被全世界公认为一名成功的反讽家。反讽成为她的小说中最显著的写作手法。学者们从各个不同方面研究奥斯汀小说中的反讽艺术,其中最为广泛的被研究的是《傲慢与偏见》,国内外的许多学者们通过各种不同的语言学视角研究过此小说。犹如奥斯汀的其它小说,《爱玛》也因其反讽手法著称。但是很少有人从言语行为理论研究《爱玛》。因此本文根据言语行为理论,重新分析简·奥斯汀的小说《爱玛》,解读出小说中的反讽特征。言语行为理论最初起源于奥斯丁,随后塞尔在奥斯丁的理论基础上对该理论进行了发展。梵·迪克又提出了他的宏观言语行为理论和微观语言行为理论。本文主要分析了《爱玛》的宏微观反讽言语行为：宏观反讽言语行为的目的是为了刻画人物,叙述故事情节；微观反讽言语行为则是小说中的人物之间,作者与读者之间的交流,它主要是研究小说或戏剧中的会话。本篇论文可以分为以下五部分：第一章为引言。开篇指出了本文的目的和研究意义,研究方法,以及论文的结构框架。第二章是文献综述。介绍了反讽的定义,分类,以及反讽的国内外研究。第三章为本篇论文的理论框架。与前一章不同的是,本章主要阐述了应用在本篇文章中的言语行为理论,并且分别从四个不同的方面解释了其与反讽的关系。具体来说,本章主要包括两小结,第一节介绍了言语行为理论发展过程及主要内容,首先是奥斯丁的发话行为,施事行为及取效行为；其次是塞尔在奥斯丁理论的基础上发展并完善的言语行为理论,并提出了自己主张的施事行为分类；再次,作者主要阐述了两种言语行为理论的适用条件。最后,作者提出了宏观言语行为以及微观言语行为理论,主要应用在小说的分析当中,这也是其他语言学者对于言语行为的另外一种理解与应用。第二节主要从四个方面解释了言语行为理论与反讽的关系。第四章为本篇论文的主体部分,作者分别从微观言语行为理论和宏观言语行为理论的角度具体分析了《爱玛》中反讽的应用以及其产生的效果。本章分为四节。第一节是小说《爱玛》及其作者简奥斯汀在本篇小说中反讽艺术运用的概述。第二节揭示了小说作者在描写不同人物性格时反讽的应用。第三节中本论文作者从宏观反讽行为理论的角度,通过人物塑造和戏剧性的情景描述,向读者展示了故事的女主人公从懵懂无知成长为成熟女性的过程。本章的最后一节主要是微观言语行为理论的视角下《爱玛》中反讽的分析。本节主要从四个方面讲述反讽,分别是：1)直接或间接反讽言语行为,2)反讽施事行为包括指令性反讽、阐述性反讽、表达性反讽、承诺性反讽,3)无诚意的言语行为,4)反讽的言后之果,它有助于更好的理解作者用反讽来表达自己真正意图的原因。最后一章为本文的结论,作者提出研究成果与局限性,并为未来研究提出建议。通过对《爱玛》的反讽分析,本文发现在体现语句反讽、情景反讽和戏剧性反讽时,言语行为理论发挥着突出的作用,也因此验证了语用学理论,尤其是言语行为理论,在文学研究方面的可行性,为今后的相关研究提供了一定的借鉴。
[Abstract]:This paper makes a detailed analysis of the application of irony in Jan Austin's novel < Emma > from the perspective of the theory of speech act. This article reviews the previous theoretical studies of irony, from rhetoric, pragmatics, cognitive linguistics, psycholinguistics and literature, and expounds the theory of speech act and irony in detail. Finally, based on the speech act theory, this paper makes a case study of irony in Emma.
With the development of linguistics, pragmatics begins to combine with language, so a new frontier discipline - literary pragmatics begins to arouse the interest of scholars at home and abroad. Literary pragmatics is an extremely useful analytical tool. Its theoretical validity can be fully verified in text, especially in the excavation of literary works. As an important branch of pragmatics, speech act is the main theory of the subject. Irony, as a key means of writing, has a very close relationship with the theory of speech act. The main body of the two is four aspects: 1) irony and indirect speech act. 2) 2) irony and out of speech act; 3) irony and post word; 4) irony and sincerity principle. However, at present, especially in China, the theory is still unfamiliar to some scholars. Therefore, this article aims to use this theory to analyze one of the famous British literary works - Jan Austin's < Emma >. Jan Austin is the end of the eighteenth Century and The famous British woman writer in the early nineteenth Century was recognized by all the world as a successful ironist. Irony became the most remarkable writing technique in her novels. Scholars studied the irony art of Austen's novels from various aspects, among which the most widely studied were "Pride and Prejudice >", many scholars at home and abroad passed through This novel is studied in a variety of linguistic perspectives. Like Austen's other novels, < Emma > is also famous for its irony. But few people have studied Emma > from the theory of speech act. Therefore, this article reanalyzes Jan Austin's novel < Emma > according to the theory of speech act, and interprets the irony characteristics of the novel.
The theory of speech act originated from Austen, and then Searl developed the theory on the basis of Austen's theory. Van Dick also put forward his macro speech act theory and the micro language behavior theory. This article mainly analyzes the macro and micro ironic speech act of Emma: the purpose of macro irony speech acts is for the purpose of Portraying characters and narrating story plot; microcosmic irony speech act is the communication between the characters in the novel, the author and the reader, and it mainly studies the conversation in the novel or the drama.
This paper can be divided into the following five parts:
The first chapter is the introduction. The first chapter points out the purpose and significance of the study, the research methods and the framework of the thesis.
The second chapter is literature review. It introduces the definition and classification of irony, as well as the study of irony both at home and abroad.
The third chapter is the theoretical framework of this paper. Unlike the previous chapter, this chapter mainly expounds the theory of speech act applied in this article, and explains its relationship with irony from four different aspects. Specifically, this chapter mainly includes two summary, the first section introduces the development process of the speech act theory and the main part. The content, first of all, is Austen's speech act, action and effect behavior; secondly, Searl's speech act theory developed and perfected on the basis of Austen's theory, and the classification of the actions of his own action is put forward. Thirdly, the author mainly expounds the applicable conditions of the two theories of speech act. Finally, the author puts forward the macroscopic view. The speech act and the theory of microscopic speech act are mainly used in the analysis of the novel, which is another understanding and application of other linguists in speech act. The second section mainly explains the relationship between speech act theory and irony from four aspects.
The fourth chapter is the main part of this paper. The author analyzes the application of irony in "Emma >" and its effect from the perspective of the theory of microscopic speech act and the theory of macro speech act. This chapter is divided into four sections. The first section is the summary of the irony art in this novel by Emma and his author Jan Austin. The two section reveals the author's application of irony in the description of different characters. In the third section, the author shows the story's heroine from the ignorant and ignorant to the mature woman from the perspective of the theory of macro irony and the description of the dramatic situation. The last section of this chapter is the main part of this chapter. The analysis of Emma's irony in the perspective of the theory of microscopic speech act. This section mainly tells irony from four aspects: 1) direct and indirect ironic speech acts, 2) irony acts including verbal irony, elaboration of irony, expressive irony, commitment irony, 3) insincere speech act, 4) irony It helps to better understand why the author expresses his true intention with irony.
The last chapter is the conclusion of this paper. The author puts forward the research results and limitations, and puts forward suggestions for future research.
Through the irony analysis of < Emma >, this paper finds that the speech act theory plays a prominent role in expressing the irony, the situational irony and the dramatic irony, and thus verifies the pragmatics theory, especially the speech act theory, the feasibility of the literary research, and provides some reference for the future research.
【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.074

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