康拉德小说的叙事学研究

发布时间：2018-07-25 12:05

【摘要】：约瑟夫·康拉德（Joseph Conrad,1857~1924），是19世纪末20世纪初英国著名作家，与简·奥斯丁、乔治·艾略特、亨利·詹姆斯等并称为“英国小说伟大的传统”，对英国文坛上有着举足轻重的影响。康拉德的小说大致分为：丛林小说、政治小说和海洋小说三类。其中，海洋小说以其早年的海员经历为蓝本，最为成功。在这些小说里，康拉德尝试了实验性的小说写作手法，主要体现在康拉德小说的叙事上。本文结合热奈特的叙事理论，从叙事时间、叙事角度和叙事语言三个方面论述康拉德的叙事特征。在论文的第一部分叙事时间里，主要从“时序”、“时距”、“频率”三个方面来论述康拉德在叙事时间上的小说技巧。不同于传统小说，康拉德并不会按“故事时间”从天到尾进行叙事，而是善用倒叙、插叙、预叙等手法，使小说产生“延迟解码”的效果。在“时距”上，停顿、场景、概要和省略交替出现；在“频率”上，对重要事件多次叙述，而且每次都从不同角度叙述。而这样的“时间倒错”，不但让小说叙事更接近真实，也激发了读者的兴趣，同时也通过时间的跨越性带动了空间的跨越。而在小说的叙事角度上，康拉德变化纷繁，具有也有自己的创新。首先，他在小说中尝试使用框架结构，不同于以往作家使用框架结构只是引出故事，，康拉德在故事叙述者和亚故事叙述者之间来回跳跃，产生多个叙述者的效果；康拉德还引入了马洛叙述了多个精彩的故事，马洛除了叙述职能之外，还有管理、交际、思想等多种职能。除此之外，康拉德还使用复调手法，让书中人物自由地对事件发表自己的看法，将作者的想法隐藏起来，做到对真实世界尽量客观的还原。康拉德的叙事语言富有象征性和韵律性两大特征。在康拉德小说中，充满着多种样式的象征：名字象征、物象象征和颜色象征。康拉德小说的韵律性则从其小说的头韵、排比句、整散句结合等方面显现出来。而这种叙事语言特征的形成和康拉德受多种文化影响，并且同亨利?詹姆斯的文学主张以及印象派息息相关。鉴于此，本文在研究康拉德小说的基础上，借助热奈特的叙事学理论，从康拉德的叙事时间、叙事角度、叙事语言三方面的特征做一个较为全面的分析。
[Abstract]:Joseph Conrad (1857 / 1924) is a famous British writer in the late 19th century and early 20th century. He and Jane Austen, George Eliot and Henry James are called "the Great tradition of English Fiction", which plays an important role in the English literary world. Conrad's novels are divided into three categories: jungle novels, political novels and ocean novels. Among them, the ocean novel based on its early experience of seafarers, the most successful. In these novels, Conrad tried the experimental novel writing techniques, mainly embodied in the narrative of Conrad's novel. Based on Genett's narrative theory, this paper discusses Conrad's narrative characteristics from three aspects: narrative time, narrative angle and narrative language. In the first part of the thesis, the author mainly discusses Conrad's novel skills in narrative time from three aspects: time sequence, time interval and frequency. Unlike traditional novels, Conrad does not make narration from day to tail according to "story time", but makes good use of flashbacks, narration, prenarration and so on, which makes the novel produce the effect of "delayed decoding". In "time distance", pauses, scenes, outlines, and omissions alternate; in "frequency", important events are described many times, each time from a different angle. This kind of "wrong time" not only makes the novel narration closer to reality, but also arouses the reader's interest, at the same time, it drives the span of space through the leapfrogging of time. In the narrative angle of the novel, Conrad has many changes and has his own innovation. First of all, he tries to use frame structure in his novels, which is different from the previous writers' use of frame structure. Conrad jumps back and forth between narrative narrator and sub-story narrator, and produces the effect of multiple narrators. Conrad also introduces Marlowe to tell many wonderful stories. In addition to his narrative functions, Marlowe also has many functions, such as management, communication, thought and so on. In addition, Conrad uses polyphonic techniques to allow the characters in the book to freely express their views on events, hide the author's ideas, and try to restore the real world as objectively as possible. Conrad's narrative language is characterized by symbolism and prosody. In Conrad's novels, there are many kinds of symbols: name symbol, image symbol and color symbol. The prosody of Conrad's novels is revealed from the aspects of alliteration, comparison sentence, and the combination of scattered sentences and so on. And the formation of this narrative language and Conrad are influenced by many cultures, and with Henry? James's literary ideas are closely related to impressionism. In view of this, based on the study of Conrad's novels, with the help of Genett's narratology theory, this paper makes a more comprehensive analysis from three aspects of Conrad's narrative time, narrative angle and narrative language.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I561.074

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