《妖魔的狂笑》：童话隐喻中的幸福哲学

发布时间：2018-07-29 08:29

【摘要】：法国作家皮埃尔·贝茹的代表作《妖魔的狂笑》,讲述了男女主人公保罗和德国女孩克拉拉从幼年到迟暮的漫长一生,两人陷入爱河后分开,并各自组成家庭。克拉拉与哲学老师孔兹心生情愫,与其结婚生子后不甘于生活平静,投身于摄影事业成为战地记者,最后死于战争前线。法国男孩保罗是整个故事的叙述者,其父亲曾参加过抵抗运动并在战后被谋杀。保罗在解开其父被杀之谜之后,用自己的雕塑表现了人心的妖魔化。皮埃尔·贝茹深受西方哲学的影响,在这部小说里阐述了斯宾诺莎所谓的幸福哲学:在保留本性的前提之下,以理性和德行作为动力,去追求最高善。因此,《妖魔的狂笑》重新定义了生命价值,揭示了意志决定万物的生存哲学与自我成全的幸福观。两个主人公背负着父辈们的战争包袱,希望用摄影、雕刻等艺术来揭露战争带给人们的心理阴影,用理性克制情感,用德行揭露罪恶,最后超越了平庸的人生。斯宾诺莎认为幸福存在三种要素:自我保存到自然状态、克制欲念到理性状态,以及追求最高善达到宗教状态。斯宾诺莎生存哲学中的“善”成为引导小说主人公命运的正能量,生存就是向着梦想的方向去流浪,这是在书中所阐述的生存理想。童话作为一种儿童题材,在十八世纪受到德国浪漫主义文学家前所未有的重视,引介于成人文学作品中。既得益于新颖的叙述模式,也不乏深刻的艺术内涵。专攻德国浪漫主义文学的皮埃尔·贝茹受其影响,在其多部小说中都有其童真意识的流露。在《妖魔的狂笑》的开场白中,一则简短的童话与内容小说情节相得益彰,成就了小说独特的形式。童话中被妖魔抓住的孩子、拿水晶球的少女和她救人之后变成的老妇人,分别代表着克拉拉在整个故事中的三重身份:一是战争牺牲品,将父辈的战争阴影背负一生;二是灾难目击者,用相机记录下了战争的丑恶;三是自我牺牲的救世者,为了揭露战争,最终在前线身亡。童话叙事下的各种人物和意象,表现了二战之后的和平时期依然硝烟弥漫,焦虑、孤独、困惑同战争一样让人恐惧。人性的贪婪便是妖魔的狂笑。在法国,已有学者开始关注贝茹小说作品中的哲学命题。这部小说在获得“21世纪年度最佳法国小说”这一奖项之后吸引了国内学者的目光。通过分析《妖魔的狂笑》的文学渊源、幸福哲学和战争隐喻,展现该小说的独特魅力和深刻内涵,以期探寻生命意义、追求幸福人生。
[Abstract]:French writer Pierre Beuru's masterpiece, the Mirror of the Goblin, tells the story of Paul the hero and the German girl Clara in their long life from infancy to their twilight. They fall in love and separate and form their own families. Clara and philosophy teacher Koonz, married and born, not willing to live in peace, devoted to photography to become war reporters, and finally died in the war front. The French boy Paul was the narrator of the whole story, his father had joined the resistance and was murdered after the war. After solving the mystery of his father's murder, Paul demonized the heart with his own sculpture. Deeply influenced by Western philosophy, Pierre Belu expounds Spinoza's so-called philosophy of happiness in this novel: the pursuit of the highest good with reason and virtue as the motive force under the premise of preserving nature. Therefore, Monster's laugh redefines the value of life and reveals the philosophy of existence and self-perfection of the will. The two protagonists bear the war burden of their parents and hope to expose the psychological shadow brought by the war with photography and sculpture, to use reason to restrain their emotions, to expose their evil with virtue, and finally to transcend the mediocre life. Spinoza believes that there are three elements of happiness: self-preservation to the state of nature, restraint of desire to the state of reason, and pursuit of the highest good to the state of religion. The "goodness" in Spinoza's philosophy of existence becomes the positive energy leading the fate of the protagonist in the novel, and survival is the wandering towards the direction of dreams, which is the ideal of existence as stated in the book. As a kind of children's theme, fairy tales were paid more attention by German romantic writers in the 18 th century, and were introduced into adult literature. It not only benefits from the novel narrative mode, but also from the profound artistic connotation. Pierre Belu, who specialises in German Romantic literature, is influenced by it and reveals his childlike consciousness in many of his novels. A brief fairy tale and the plot of the content novel complement each other in the introduction of the Monster's laugh, which makes the novel a unique form. The child caught by the demon in the fairy tale, the girl with crystal ball and the old woman she turned into after saving lives, respectively, representing Clara's triple identity in the whole story: one is the victim of the war, carrying the shadow of his father's war for life; Second, witnesses to the disaster, using cameras to record the ugly war; third, self-sacrifice savior, in order to expose the war, eventually died in the front line. All kinds of characters and images in fairy tale narration show that the peaceful period after World War II is still filled with smoke, anxiety, loneliness and confusion, which is just as frightening as war. The greed of human nature is the laughter of demons. In France, scholars have begun to pay attention to the philosophical proposition in Beru's novels. This novel has attracted the attention of domestic scholars after it won the French novel of the 21 st Century Award. By analyzing the literary origin, the philosophy of happiness and the metaphor of war, the author reveals the unique charm and profound connotation of the novel in order to explore the meaning of life and pursue the happiness of life.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：I565.074

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