巴赫金狂欢化理论视角下的《八月之光》

发布时间：2018-08-07 11:24

【摘要】：诺贝尔文学奖获得者、以构建“约克纳帕塔法世系”而享誉文坛的著名美国作家福克纳，作为美国南方历史上最伟大的小说家，他既属于美国，也属于全世界，这不仅仅因为他以自己的作品向世界打开了通往美国南方的道路，使人们看清了美国南方文化的独特魅力，而且还因为他用自己博大的创作思想、新奇的写作技巧、准确的艺术表现手法、多变的创作风格、丰富的语言体系引起了世界文坛的震动，一直以来吸引着众多学者和批评家的注意力。有关福克纳的研究论文和著作纷繁复杂，有从马克思、柏格森、福柯的哲学理论入手的，从美学、种族、宗教、文化、女权、历史以及结构、解构等视角出发的，涉及了非常广阔的人文研究领域。而福克纳的长篇小说《八月之光》，作为一部触及种族问题的小说，，在作者营造的“约克纳帕塔法世系”中占有重要地位。在国外，《八月之光》一直以其复杂的人物关系、尖锐的种族矛盾、难以置信的宗教信仰和多条叙事线索而被世界文坛所称颂，尤其在美国本土学者的研究中占据十分重要的地位，历来美国本土评论界对它的研究成果积累丰富；但相对国外，国内学者对于《八月之光》的重视程度不够，这给笔者提供了一个写作的空间。本文试图从前苏联思想家巴赫金的狂欢化理论视角来对福克纳的小说《八月之光》进行解读和剖析。作为20世纪最重要的思想家之一，巴赫金的思想对二十世纪的思想文化界有巨大的震撼力。尤其他的狂欢化理论极具创新和活力，是一种开放性的充满生命力的文学理论，它不仅是一种批评方法，更是一种看待世界的角度，它所包含的一些重要概念，如怪诞人体、对话、复调、两重性等等，可以在一定程度上阐释福克纳小说，尤其《八月之光》的一些难以解释的文本现象。本文由六个部分构成。绪论部分首先简要回顾了福克纳及其作品在国内外的研究现状，同时简要阐述了巴赫金的狂欢化理论，并进一步陈述了狂欢化理论之于《八月之光》研究的有效性，阐明了本文的研究目标、思路以及可深入挖掘的空间；第一章用狂欢化理论中的“笑谑”来解读小说，剖析《八月之光》是怎样从加冕与脱冕和狂欢式的笑两个角度，来表现巴赫金所提出的“笑谑”特点的；第二章利用狂欢化理论中的“怪诞”与“讽拟”，来分析《八月之光》的人物形象和创作手法；第三章从两个方面入手，以狂欢化理论阐释了《八月之光》的对话与复调特征；第四章用狂欢化理论的两重性本质来剖析《八月之光》的两大人物的一体双生性特征，从而阐释福克纳对南方文化二元对立观的突破；结论部分总结并再度论证了前面章节的观点，说明福克纳的小说《八月之光》具有巴赫金的狂欢化文体特征。
[Abstract]:William Faulkner, the Nobel Prize winner in literature and a famous American writer with a reputation for constructing the Yoknapatapa lineage, as the greatest novelist in the history of the southern United States, belongs to both the United States and the world. This is not only because he opened the way to the southern United States with his own work, but also because he used his extensive creative ideas and novel writing skills to make people see the unique charm of American Southern culture. The accurate artistic expression, the changeable creation style and the rich language system have aroused the shock of the world literary world, and have been attracting the attention of many scholars and critics all the time. The research papers and works on Faulkner are numerous and complicated, starting with Marx, Bergson and Foucault's philosophical theories, starting from the perspectives of aesthetics, race, religion, culture, women's rights, history, structure, deconstruction, etc. Involving a very broad field of humanities research. Faulkner's novel Light of August, as a novel dealing with racial issues, plays an important role in the Yoknapatawafa lineage created by the author. Abroad, Light of August has been praised in the world for its complex relationships, sharp ethnic contradictions, incredible religious beliefs and many narrative clues. In particular, it occupies a very important position in the research of American native scholars, whose research results have always been accumulated in the local critics of the United States. However, compared with foreign countries, domestic scholars have not paid enough attention to the Light of August. This provides a writing space for the author. This paper attempts to analyze Faulkner's novel Light of August from the perspective of Bakhtin's revelry theory. As one of the most important thinkers in the 20 ~ (th) century, Bakhtin's thought has a great impact on the ideological and cultural circles in the 20 ~ (th) century. In particular, his carnival theory is very innovative and dynamic. It is an open literary theory full of vitality. It is not only a method of criticism, but also a way of looking at the world. It contains some important concepts, such as the grotesque human body. Dialogue, polyphony, duality and so on, to some extent, can explain some difficult textual phenomena in Faulkner's novels, especially the Light of August. This paper consists of six parts. In the introduction part, the author briefly reviews the current research situation of Faulkner and his works at home and abroad, at the same time briefly expounds Bakhtin's carnival theory, and further states the validity of carnival theory to the study of Light in August. This paper expounds the research goal, train of thought and the space that can be excavated deeply. The first chapter interprets the novel with the "laugh joke" in the carnival theory, and analyzes how the Light of August can be interpreted from the two angles of coronation and carnival laughter. The second chapter analyzes the characters and creative techniques of Light in August by using the "grotesque" and "irony" in the carnival theory. Chapter three begins with two aspects. Using the carnival theory to explain the dialogue and polyphonic characteristics of Light in August, the fourth chapter uses the duality nature of carnival theory to analyze the characteristics of "Light in August". The conclusion summarizes and demonstrates the viewpoints of the previous chapters, and shows that Faulkner's novel "Light of August" has the characteristics of Bakhtin's carnival style.
【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：I712.074

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