豪夫童话中的他者双重建构
发布时间：2019-02-09 14:36
【摘要】：威廉·豪夫(Wilhelm Hauff)是德国施瓦本浪漫派中最具特色、最重要的小说家和童话家。豪夫童话甚至可与安徒生和格林童话相媲美,在德语国家的受欢迎程度仅次于格林童话,并在世界范围内得以广泛传播。18世纪末到19世纪的德国由于受到法国大革命和英国工业革命的影响,也正逐步由传统的农业社会转向工业社会,社会的方方面面都发生着剧烈的变化。艺术童话在吸收民间故事和传统童话的基础上,通过增添社会现实因素,用以表达资产阶级的利益和要求。而豪夫笔下的童话正是对德国社会巨变时期的反映,在童话中个人与社会、男性与女性、传统与现代的矛盾都聚集交锋,相互斗争并相互妥协,反映出豪夫童话的社会和政治上的现实意义。本文的研究对象是威廉·豪夫的《豪夫童话全集》,以他者为切入点,通过对人格他者、性别他者和民族他者的双重构建,来剖析其中所折射的个人与社会、男性与女性、传统与现代之间的矛盾和调解,从而揭示出豪夫童话中的社会、政治意义。 本文共分三个部分。第一部分通过运用拉康的镜像理论和巴赫金的对话理论,分析了童话中的青少年甚至成年人在人格的形成过程中所显现的他者与自我的双重关系。一方面,揭示出他者与自我在童话中处于对抗关系。或因他者的唯我主义特点,或因社会因素导致他者与自我形成对抗关系,终使主人公处于社会的边缘甚至走向毁灭。另一方面,探究出他者与自我在童话中处于对话关系。主人公或因他者的肯定而确立自我,或在与他者的差异性中认识自我,亦或在他者的经历中反思自我。最后,归纳出自我与他者的对立或对话的双重关系在本质上是对德国社会中个人与社会的矛盾和调解的影射。 第二部分主要是通过梳理童话中的女性形象,分析出童话中性别他者的双重建构。一方面,揭示出有些女性是维护男性主体地位的他者。她们或是父权制的“天使”,或是等待拯救的弱者,或是男性世界的失语者；另一方面,探析出作者豪夫通过运用改写传统女巫形象,将男性置于女性的凝视地位,进行性别置换等策略来颠覆男性的主体地位。最后,阐述了性别他者的双重性建构实质是反映男性与女性之间的矛盾和调解。 第三部分通过运用形象学的理论解读了童话中的民族他者的双重建构。一方面,分析了欧洲内部的民族他者形象,如卑劣的法国人、被欺侮的犹太人和贪婪的希腊人,并指出了不同民族形象建构的原因；另一方面,挖掘出了作家豪夫在童话中构建出的东方乌托邦构想。最后,探讨了东方与西方的差异性建构是由于西方社会正发生着传统与现代价值观的碰撞,传达出豪夫通过建构东方乌托邦来反观和拯救西方现代社会的努力。 结语部分简单总结了豪夫童话的艺术成就和文学定位,并结合浪漫主义艺术童话创作的历史动因总结了豪夫童话对社会历史的投射和豪夫试图通过文学艺术的方式解决社会、政治矛盾的冲动,强调了豪夫童话的社会功能。
[Abstract]:Wilhelm Hauff is the most distinctive and most important novelist and fairy-tale in Schwaz's romantic school in Germany. The Haf's fairy tales can even be compared with Andersen and the Fairy Tales, the most popular in German countries, second only to the Fairy Tales, and widely spread in the world. Germany, from the end of the 18th century to the 19th century, has been influenced by the French Revolution and the British Industrial Revolution, It is also gradually changing from the traditional agricultural society to the industrial society, and every aspect of the society has undergone dramatic changes. On the basis of absorbing the folk stories and the traditional fairy tales, the art fairy tales are used to express the interests and demands of the bourgeoisie through the addition of social realistic factors. The fairy tale of Haf's works is the reflection of the period of social change of the German society. In the fairy tale, the contradiction between the individual and the society, the man and the female, the tradition and the modern contradiction, the struggle and the mutual compromise, reflects the social and political significance of the Haf's fairy tales. The research object of this paper is the full-set of William Hov's
本文编号：2419058
[Abstract]:Wilhelm Hauff is the most distinctive and most important novelist and fairy-tale in Schwaz's romantic school in Germany. The Haf's fairy tales can even be compared with Andersen and the Fairy Tales, the most popular in German countries, second only to the Fairy Tales, and widely spread in the world. Germany, from the end of the 18th century to the 19th century, has been influenced by the French Revolution and the British Industrial Revolution, It is also gradually changing from the traditional agricultural society to the industrial society, and every aspect of the society has undergone dramatic changes. On the basis of absorbing the folk stories and the traditional fairy tales, the art fairy tales are used to express the interests and demands of the bourgeoisie through the addition of social realistic factors. The fairy tale of Haf's works is the reflection of the period of social change of the German society. In the fairy tale, the contradiction between the individual and the society, the man and the female, the tradition and the modern contradiction, the struggle and the mutual compromise, reflects the social and political significance of the Haf's fairy tales. The research object of this paper is the full-set of William Hov's
本文编号：2419058
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