树舌发酵浸膏对肉鸡盲肠微生物菌群的影响

发布时间：2018-03-15 04:25

本文选题：树舌发酵浸膏　切入点：肉鸡　出处：《吉林农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着微生态学的迅速发展,人们逐渐发现通过调控肠道菌群,保持微生态平衡,维护肠道健康,是家禽健康成长的重要因素。近年来,黄芪多糖、灵芝多糖、香菇多糖等作为绿色安全饲料添加剂和免疫增强剂广泛应用于动物饲养。树舌发酵浸膏(GAC)主要生物活性成分是多糖,本试验以GAC为材料,研究其对肉鸡生长性能、肠道菌群、盲肠短链脂肪酸及pH值的影响。选用1日龄AA肉鸡225只,随机分为5个处理组,分别为:空白组(基础日粮)、抗生素组(基础日粮中添加5 mg/kg黄霉素)、3个剂量的GAC添加组(基础日粮中分别添加1.57%、3.15%和6.29%的GAC),每个处理3组重复,每组重复15只。试验期42天。1.GAC主要成分及活性成分多糖的测定,结果表明:GAC水分32.37%、粗蛋白4.8%、粗脂肪1.74%、粗纤维0.52%、粗灰分1.87%、无氮浸出物58.7%、钙3.42%、磷1.66%、能量4.02 MJ·Kg-1,GAC多糖含量为3.18%。2.通过研究GAC对肉鸡生长性能的影响,结果表明:在肉鸡整个生长过程中GAC可以增加平均日增重,降低料肉比,GAC提高了肉鸡生长性能。3.通过采用实时荧光定量PCR技术研究GAC对肉鸡盲肠食糜肠道菌群的影响,结果表明:1)根据沙门氏菌16S rDNA设计引物,成功构建沙门氏菌的荧光定量PCR检测方法。S-F(5′-3′):GTGGCGGACGGGTGAGTAA,S-R(5′-3′):CCGTGTCTCAGTTCCAGTGTG;20μL扩增体系包括模板DNA 1μL,2X All-in-One Qpcr Mix 10μL,上、下游引物(10μmol/L)各0.4μL;扩增程序为预变性95℃/3min;95℃/10s,61℃/30s,共40循环;标准曲线为Y=-3.322*LOG(X)+48.89,R2=0.996,Eff.=100.0%,模板最低检出限为3.36×102 copies/μL,融解曲线为单峰,变异系数为1.45%。2)在肉鸡21日龄时,各GAC添加组沙门氏菌显著低于空白组(P0.05),且随着GAC添加量的增加对沙门氏菌生长抑制越好;各GAC添加组乳酸杆菌显著高于空白组(P0.05),随着GAC添加量的增加对乳酸杆菌的促增长作用越小。以上结果提示,GAC在肉鸡生长早期能够抑制沙门氏菌的生长,促进乳酸杆菌的增殖。3)在肉鸡42日龄时,1.57%和6.29%GAC添加组沙门氏菌显著低于空白组(P0.05),6.29%GAC添加组效果较好;各GAC添加组乳酸杆菌显著高于空白组(P0.05)。以上结果提示,GAC在肉鸡生长后期仍然可以抑制沙门氏菌的生长,促进乳酸杆菌的增殖。4.通过采用平板计数法研究GAC对肉鸡盲肠食糜肠道菌群的影响,结果表明:1)在肉鸡21日龄时,各GAC添加组沙门氏菌显著低于空白组(P0.05),6.29%GAC添加组大肠杆菌显著低于空白组(P0.05),各GAC添加组乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌显著高于空白组(P0.05)。2)在肉鸡42日龄时,各GAC添加组沙门氏菌显著低于空白组(P0.05),3.15%和6.29%GAC添加组大肠杆菌显著低于空白组(P0.05),各GAC添加组乳酸杆菌显著高于空白组(P0.05),3.15%和6.29%GAC添加组双歧杆菌显著高于空白组(P0.05)。以上结果提示,GAC在肉鸡生长过程中可以促进肠道乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌的增殖,抑制沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌的生长,具有改善肠道菌群的作用。5.通过研究GAC对肉鸡盲肠短链脂肪酸的影响,结果表明:1)在肉鸡21日龄时,各GAC添加组盲肠乙酸、丙酸浓度显著高于空白组(P0.05);6.29%GAC添加组盲肠丁酸浓度显著高于空白组(P0.05),1.57%与3.15%GAC添加组能够增加盲肠丁酸浓度,但差异不显著(P0.05)。2)在肉鸡42日龄时,1.57%与6.29%GAC添加组盲肠乙酸、丙酸浓度显著高于空白组(P0.05);各GAC添加组盲肠丁酸浓度显著高于空白组(P0.05)。以上结果提示,GAC在肉鸡生长中能够增加肠道乙酸、丙酸和丁酸浓度。6.通过研究GAC对肉鸡盲肠pH值的影响,结果表明:1)在肉鸡21日龄时,6.29%GAC添加组肉鸡盲肠p H值显著低于空白组(P0.05),6.29%GAC添加组肉鸡盲肠pH值显著低于1.57%和3.15%GAC添加组(P0.05)。2)在肉鸡42日龄时,各GAC添加组肉鸡盲肠pH值低于空白组,但无显著差异(P0.05)。以上结果提示,GAC能够降低肉鸡盲肠pH值,使肠道处于偏酸性环境,利于肉鸡肠道健康。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of micro ecology, people gradually found that by regulating the intestinal flora, keep the micro ecological balance, maintain intestinal health, is an important factor in the healthy growth of poultry. In recent years, astragalus polysaccharide, Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide, polysaccharide as letinous edodes green feed additive and immune enhancing agent widely used in animal feeding tree. The tongue fermentation extract (GAC) is the main bioactive components of polysaccharide, the experiment with GAC as material, the research on broiler growth performance, intestinal microflora, effects of caecal short chain fatty acid and pH value. The 1 AA broilers at the age of 225, were randomly divided into 5 treatment groups, respectively: blank group (basal diet), antibiotic group (basic diets supplemented with 5 mg/kg Flavomycin), 3 doses of GAC added group (1.57%, were added to basal diet 3.15% and 6.29% GAC), each group 3 repeat, each repeated 15 test period. The main component of.1.GAC and 42 days live Determination of polysaccharide composition, the results show that GAC water 32.37%, crude protein 4.8%, crude fat 1.74%, crude fiber 0.52%, ash 1.87%, no 58.7%, nitrogen leaching of calcium phosphorus 3.42%, 1.66%, 4.02 MJ - Kg-1 energy GAC, the polysaccharide content was 3.18%.2. by studying the influence of GAC growth, to the the results showed that: in the broiler chicken during the growth of GAC can increase the average daily gain and decrease the ratio of feed and meat, GAC improved the growth performance of broiler.3. by using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR technology research on GAC effect of broiler cecal digesta of intestinal flora results show that: 1) according to the Salmonella 16S rDNA primers,.S-F method fluorescence quantitative PCR detection of the successful construction of Salmonella (5 '-3'): GTGGCGGACGGGTGAGTAA, S-R (5 '-3'): CCGTGTCTCAGTTCCAGTGTG; 20 L amplification system including template DNA 1 L, 2X All-in-One Qpcr Mix 10 L, and the primers (10 mol/L) 0.4 L amplification; Procedures for predegeneration 95 DEG /3min; 95 degrees /10s, 61 degrees /30s, a total of 40 cycles; standard curve was Y=-3.322*LOG (X) +48.89, R2=0.996, Eff.=100.0%, template the lowest detection limit of 3.36 * 102 copies/ mu L, the melting curve is unimodal, the coefficient of variation is 1.45%.2) in broilers at the age of 21 days, the GAC add a group of Salmonella were significantly lower than control group (P0.05), and with the increasing amount of GAC inhibited the growth of Salmonella is better; the addition of GAC lactobacillus were significantly higher than the control group (P0.05), with the increase of GAC amount of lactic acid bacteria growth effect is small. The above results suggest that the growth of GAC early can inhibit the growth of Salmonella in broiler, promotion of lactobacilli.3) in broilers at the age of 42 days and 1.57% Salmonella added in 6.29%GAC group were significantly lower than control group (P0.05), 6.29%GAC group added effect is good; the addition of GAC lactobacillus were significantly higher than the control group (P0. 05). These results suggest that GAC in the late growth stage of broiler still can inhibit the growth of Salmonella, promote the proliferation of Lactobacillus.4. by using the research method of plate counting GAC impact on the intestinal microflora of broiler cecal digesta results showed that: 1) in broilers at the age of 21 days, the GAC group added Salmonella was significantly lower than that of the control group (P0.05), 6.29%GAC group added Escherichia coli were significantly lower than control group (P0.05), the GAC group with the addition of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were significantly higher than the control group (P0.05).2) in broilers at the age of 42 days, the addition of GAC Salmonella was significantly lower than the control group (P0.05), and 3.15% 6.29%GAC add a group of Escherichia coli were significantly lower than control group (P0.05), the GAC group added lactic acid bacteria were significantly higher than the control group (P0.05, 3.15%) and 6.29%GAC group added Bifidobacterium were significantly higher than the control group (P0.05). These results suggest that GAC can promote intestinal growth process in Broilers Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium proliferation, inhibition of Salmonella and Escherichia coli growth,.5. can improve intestinal flora by studying the effect of GAC on broiler caecum, short chain fatty acids. The results showed that: 1) in broilers at the age of 21 days, the GAC group was added acetic acid, propionic acid concentration was significantly higher than that of control group (P0.05); the concentration of 6.29%GAC group was significantly higher than the control group of butyric acid (P0.05), 1.57% with addition of 3.15%GAC can increase the cecal butyrate concentration, but the difference was not significant (P0.05).2) in broilers at the age of 42 days, 1.57% and 6.29%GAC were added to the cecum acetic acid, propionic acid concentration was significantly higher than that of control group (P0.05); the concentration of GAC group was significantly higher than the control group of butyric acid (P0.05). These results indicated that GAC increased intestinal acetic acid in broiler growth can influence, propionic acid and butyric acid concentration of.6. by GAC on broiler cecal pH results showed that: 1) in 21 days broiler At the age of 6.29%GAC group P H added cecum of broilers was significantly lower than that of control group (P0.05), 6.29%GAC group added broiler cecal pH value was significantly lower than 1.57% and the addition of 3.15%GAC (P0.05).2) in broilers at the age of 42 days, the addition of GAC broiler cecum pH was lower than that of the control group, but no significant difference (P0.05). These results suggest that GAC can reduce the pH value of the cecum of broilers, intestinal in acidic environment conducive to broiler intestinal health.

【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S831.5

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