初中数学应用性问题教学策略的研究

发布时间：2018-01-09 13:16

本文关键词：初中数学应用性问题教学策略的研究　出处：《上海师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：应用性问题一直是数学教学中的一个重点和难点。义务教育初中数学新课程标准中将“综合与应用”作为一个独立的教学板块列出,与“数与代数”,“图形与几何”,“统计与概率”三大教学板块并列。同时,新课程标准中明确表示初中数学教学的目的包含培养学生综合运用有关的知识与方法解决实际问题,培养学生的问题意识,应用意识和创新意识,积累学生的活动经验,提高学生解决现实问题的能力。因此,作为联系实际生活和数学知识的一个纽带,应用性问题的教学在初中数学教育中的地位越发的重要和明显。本文笔者首先运用应用性问题综合难度分析模型对上海市初中数学教科书中的应用性问题进行了横向和纵向的分析和比较。在纵向水平上,笔者对“数与代数”、“概率与统计”、“图形与几何”、“综合与实践”四个教学模块中的应用性问题进行难度分析。在横向水平上,笔者对每个教学模块的章首语、导入部分、例题和习题部分中的应用性问题进行难度分析,并在后续的分析结果中给出了相应的教学建议。紧接着笔者在代课学校选取10位表现出应用性问题解题困难的学生进行结构性访谈,从而将这部分学生出现的解题困难归因于:一、教师在应用性问题的教学上较为沉闷,缺乏学习的兴趣;二、学生在解题过程中会出现莫名紧张的情绪;三、初中的应用性问题相对于小学的应用题难度有所提升,他们在适应的过程中出现问题;四、学生的生活经验不是很丰富,很难理解应用性问题中的情景;通过对以上四点原因的仔细分析,结合上海市初中数学教课书中应用性问题的难度分析结果及一系列的文献研究,笔者相应的提出了有关初中数学应用性问题教学的五点教学策略:一、有效使用数学教科书中的应用性问题;二、结合实际背景,与学生探讨应用性问题;三、加强对学生的心理指导,帮助学生克服解题障碍;四、重视学生阅读能力的开发和间接经验的传授;五、提升教师专业水准,挖掘身边的数学信息。
[Abstract]:The application of the problem has been a key and difficult mathematics teaching in compulsory education. The high school mathematics new curriculum standard will be "comprehensive and application" as an independent teaching sector listed, and the "number and Algebra", "graphics and geometry", "statistics and probability" three parallel plate teaching. At the same time, the new the curriculum standard explicitly expressed in the junior middle school mathematics teaching aims to train students in the integrated use of knowledge and methods to solve practical problems, to cultivate students' awareness of the problem, application consciousness and innovation consciousness, the accumulation of the activities of the students experience, improve students ability to solve practical problems. Therefore, as a link between the real life and mathematical knowledge the status, application problems of the teaching in the junior middle school mathematics education in a more and more important and significant. In this paper, the author analyses the problem of application of comprehensive difficulty model of junior high school in Shanghai, the number of The application of the textbook in the transverse and longitudinal comparison and analysis. In the vertical level, the author of "number and Algebra", "probability and statistics", "graphics and geometry", "the difficulty of analysis and practice of comprehensive application of" four teaching modules. In the horizontal level the author, for each teaching module "chapter, introduction, the difficulty of analysis of application examples and exercises in part, and the corresponding teaching suggestions are given in the follow-up analysis. Then the author selects 10 exhibits should use problem solving difficult students in schools to substitute structured interviews. This part of students problem solving difficulties due to: first, teachers in the application of teaching is dull, lack of learning interest; two, students will appear inexplicable tension in the problem solving process; three, junior high school The application of relative to the primary school application question difficulty has improved, their problems in the process of adaptation; four, the student's life experience is not very rich, it is difficult to understand the application of Situational Questions; through careful analysis of the above four reasons, combined with the results of literature research problems in the application of Shanghai city junior middle school mathematics teaching in the book the difficulty of analysis and a series of corresponding, the author puts forward five teaching of junior high school mathematics application problem teaching strategies: first, effective use of application problems in mathematical textbooks; two, combined with the practical background, to explore the application and the problems of students; three, strengthen the students' psychological guidance and help the students to overcome the obstacles; four, attach importance to the development of students' reading ability and indirect experience of teaching; five, improve teachers' professional level, the mathematical information around mining.

【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G633.6

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