新高考下中学物理动量部分知识点分析及相关试题研究

发布时间：2018-05-04 22:09

本文选题：动量相关知识 + 教学方法　；参考：《重庆师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近几年高中物理教学和考试体系趋于稳定,一般不会有大的改动,老师教学和学生备考模式也都模式化。然而《2017年全国卷物理考试大纲》将原本选修部分的动量和原子物理部分(选修3-5)列为高考必考内容对考生和老师都有相当大的冲击。教师和考生都应积极调成备考方向和思路来应对考纲的变化。本文首先系统的回顾了动量部分的相关知识,从不同时期,不同版本教材的横纵向对比中得出该部分知识的历史演变进程,并对相关的重要知识点进行了梳理,为动量相关知识的教学提供借鉴和参考。然后针对考纲改革后动量要求的拔高结合自己对该部分相关知识的研究进行总结,对将动量作为选修内容到作为必修的重要性和与之前压轴题力学部分出题的局限性作出对比,预测出题趋势和难度。对动量该部分知识每一种题型都给出多种解法,并针对高考,自招和物理竞赛进行了例题分析和题型改编。最后对易错题型和常用解题思路进行了归纳总结并给出了普适性的解题步骤和方法。本文在考纲变化动量相关知识高考地位拔高的前提下,对动量相关知识进行了全面系统的归纳总结和分析,对动量定理和动量守恒相关习题分别总结了七种和四种分类方式,归纳了六种思维方式,对习题的一题多变及改编进行了介绍。相信对今后的教学和备考都有一定的指导意义。
[Abstract]:In recent years, high school physics teaching and examination system tend to be stable, generally there will be no major changes, teacher teaching and student preparation models are also formulaic. However, the National Physics examination syllabus 2017 lists the momentum and atomic physics of the original elective (3-5) as the required content of the college entrance examination, which has a considerable impact on both the examinee and the teacher. Both teacher and examinee should actively adjust to the direction and train of thought to deal with the change of exam outline. Firstly, this paper systematically reviews the relevant knowledge of momentum part, obtains the historical evolution process of this part of knowledge from different periods and different versions of teaching materials, and combs the relevant important knowledge points. To provide reference and reference for the teaching of momentum related knowledge. Then it summarizes the importance of taking momentum as an optional subject to a compulsory subject and the limitations of the mechanical part of the previous press problem. The author summarizes the research on the relevant knowledge of this part by combining the momentum requirements after the examination of the outline reform, and makes a comparison between the importance of taking momentum as an optional subject and the limitation of the mechanical part of the previous press question. Forecast the trend and difficulty of the problem. Various solutions are given for each problem type of momentum knowledge, and examples are analyzed and adapted for the college entrance examination, self-admission and physics contest. In the end, the paper sums up the easily error-prone type and the common thought of solving problems, and gives the general steps and methods of solving problems. In this paper, on the premise that the status of the college entrance examination is exalted, the momentum related knowledge is summarized and analyzed in a comprehensive and systematic way, and seven and four classification methods are summarized for the momentum theorem and the momentum conservation related exercises, respectively. This paper sums up six ways of thinking and introduces the variety and adaptation of a problem. I believe that the future teaching and test preparation are of certain guiding significance.
【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.7

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