高中化学课堂环境现状及其优化策略研究

发布时间：2018-08-13 15:12

【摘要】：新课程改革对高中生的科学素养提出更高的要求,高中化学教学课堂环境也逐步得到了各个学校的重视。课堂环境在业界还未有统一的定义,本研究认为课堂环境是影响教学活动的开展、质量和效果,并存在于课堂教学过程中的各种物理的、社会心理的因素的总和。本研究基于国内外课堂环境的研究,结合高中化学研究现状,以调查高中化学课堂环境现状、发现高中化学课堂环境的问题并提出优化策略为出发点,确定了高中化学课堂环境的结构要素并确立了高中化学课堂环境的测量维度,编制了《高中化学课堂环境量表》,使用该测量工具对湖北省某省重点高中进行了实践调查。通过对调查测量结果量化分析,了解该校化学课堂环境现状,分析了课堂环境现状存在的问题。本研究工作共分为五个部分,各部分的具体内容如下:第一章,绪论。在绪论部分,本文介绍了问题的缘起、确定了研究内容和研究意义、分析了研究方法和研究思路。对课堂环境的定义进行梳理分析,对本研究中课堂环境的概念进行了界定,此外对国内外课堂环境的理论研究进行归纳总结,对比分析了现有的课堂环境测量工具和测量结构,分析了当前课堂环境研究的方法取向以及课堂环境研究的未来方向。第二章,高中化学课堂环境现状的调查设计与实施。通过文献研究法和理论分析的方法,确立高中化学课堂环境的结构要素和测量维度,分析了高中化学课堂环境的现状。根据高中化学课堂环境结构要素和测量维度,初步编制了《高中化学课堂量表》,并在武汉市某重点高中进行初测,进行信度和效度检验,之后根据初测结果对量表进行了修改。量表修改完成后,本研究在湖北省某重点高中大量发放量表,并对量表信效度进行检验。《高中化学课堂环境量表》的8个维度是:同学关系、师生关系、课堂参与、任务取向、学生合作、教师支持、整体氛围和物理环境,共50道题目。并利用通讯软件对该校教师进行了访谈。第三章,高中化学课堂环境现状的调查分析。对上一章的调查结果进行分析、归纳,因为实测量表是在初测量表的基础上修改了一个维度,所以再次进行了信效度检验。在此基础上对高中化学课堂环境现状进行了维度分析、班级分析、男女差异分析。通过统计分析与教师访谈可以得知,学生感知到的化学课堂环境整体而言是感知度较高的,得分都在3.0以上,说明整体上该校学生对高中化学课堂环境是较为满意的,具体而言,该校学生对物理环境维度的满意度最低,对同学关系和任务取向维度的感知度和满意度较高。在班级分析中,高分班各个维度的感知度和满意度都显著高于平行班,尤其是在师生关系和整体氛围维度。在性别差异分析中,男生和女生对课堂环境的感知度差异不大,相对来说女生的课堂上的参与程度略低于男生。第四章,优化高中化学课堂环境的策略。针对该校高中化学课堂环境现状以及存在的问题,提出了一些优化课堂环境的策略。对于教师在课堂上占据了主要地位、学生参与度较低这两个问题提出了前置性学习的指导、营造良好的班级秩序和学习氛围、提高学生课堂互动交往水平这些策略。对于班级间课堂环境感知差异较大、女生课堂参与程度较低这些问题,提出了教学时空由封闭式改成开放式的建议。针对学生对物理环境满意度低的问题,提出了着力提升学校和教师硬件水准的建议。第五章,研究结论与反思。在这一部分从量表编制、高中化学课堂环境现状及存在问题、高中化学课堂环境的优化策略三个方面对本研究进行了总结,并对研究过程中所显现出来的问题进行了反思。本研究所编制的量表在实际实施中信效度较好。调查结果显示当今高中化学课堂环境存在一些问题:学生对“物理环境”维度最为不满意,尤其对教室桌椅的摆放满意度最低,课堂中“教师中心”倾向明显、部分班级师生关系影响到学生课堂表现、学生课堂参与度不高、物理环境不理想以及女生课堂参与程度较低。在此基础上,本研究针对课堂环境调查所显现的问题提出了相应的优化策略。
[Abstract]:The new curriculum reform puts forward higher requirements for the scientific literacy of senior high school students, and the classroom environment of senior high school chemistry teaching has gradually been attached importance to by all schools. Based on the study of the classroom environment at home and abroad, combined with the research status of senior high school chemistry, this study investigates the current situation of senior high school chemistry classroom environment, finds out the problems of senior high school chemistry classroom environment and puts forward the optimization strategy as the starting point, determines the structural elements of senior high school chemistry classroom environment and establishes the high school chemistry. Based on the measurement dimension of classroom environment, the Chemistry Classroom Environment Scale for Senior High Schools was compiled and used to conduct a practical investigation on a key senior high school in Hubei Province. In the introduction part, this paper introduces the origin of the problem, determines the research content and significance, analyzes the research methods and research ideas, combs and analyzes the definition of classroom environment, defines the concept of classroom environment in this study, and defines the classroom environment at home and abroad. The theoretical research is summarized, the existing classroom environment measurement tools and structures are compared and analyzed, and the methods and orientations of current classroom environment research and the future direction of classroom environment research are analyzed. This paper establishes the structural elements and measurement dimensions of high school chemistry classroom environment, and analyzes the current situation of high school chemistry classroom environment. According to the structural elements and measurement dimensions of high school chemistry classroom environment, a preliminary "high school chemistry classroom scale" has been compiled, and a key high school in Wuhan has been tested for reliability and validity. After the revision of the scale, a large number of scales were distributed in a key high school in Hubei Province, and the reliability and validity of the scale were tested. Chapter three is the investigation and analysis of the present situation of the chemistry classroom environment in senior high school. The results of the investigation in the previous chapter are analyzed and summarized. Through statistical analysis and teacher interviews, we can see that the students'perception of the chemistry classroom environment as a whole is high, and the scores are all above 3.0, indicating that the overall school students are more satisfied with the high school chemistry classroom environment, in particular, the classroom environment. In the class analysis, the perception and satisfaction of each dimension of the high-grade classes were significantly higher than that of the parallel classes, especially in the teacher-student relationship and the overall atmosphere dimension. In the fourth chapter, the strategies of optimizing the chemistry classroom environment in senior high school are put forward. In view of the present situation and existing problems of the chemistry classroom environment in senior high school, some strategies of optimizing the classroom environment are put forward. These two problems put forward the guidance of pre-learning, creating a good class order and learning atmosphere, and improving the level of students'classroom interaction and communication. The fifth chapter is the conclusion and reflection of the study. In this part, the research is carried out from three aspects: the preparation of the scale, the current situation and problems of the chemistry classroom environment in senior high school, and the optimization strategy of the chemistry classroom environment in senior high school. The results show that there are some problems in the current high school chemistry classroom environment: students are most dissatisfied with the "physical environment" dimension, especially the lowest satisfaction with the placement of classroom tables and chairs, classroom teaching. Teacher-centered tendencies are obvious in middle school. Teacher-student relationship in some classes affects students'classroom performance. Students' participation in class is not high, physical environment is not ideal and girls'participation in class is low.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.8

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