延安市城乡初中生学业成绩差异问题及其解决对策研究

发布时间：2018-12-27 08:01

【摘要】：学业成绩是学生学业水平的主要体现,也是衡量学生升学与否的重要指标。探究导致延安市城乡初中生学业成绩不均衡现象的影响因素及解决对策,对于农村初中教育教学质量的提升以及促进教育公平发展具有极其重要的意义。本研究选取陕西省延安市8所初中学校作为研究对象,分别从市、区、县、镇四个区域各抽取两所教育质量具有明显差异的学校进行调研。采取质性研究和量化研究相结合的方式,在各调研学校发放问卷并以对学生、教师、家长的访谈资料做支撑,通过表格和图标的方式呈现城乡学生学业成绩差异的现状。研究发现,延安市城乡初中生学业成绩的差异受社会、学校、家庭、个体四方面因素的影响:从社会环境来看,城市社区文化娱乐氛围及信息传播的渠道优越于农村地区,对学生的学业成绩影响显著,文化娱乐氛围好且信息传播渠道广的地区,学生学业成绩较农村地区学生高。从学校环境来看,城乡教学设施、校园文化、师资队伍都有很大的差异。城市初中先进的教学设备、丰富的校园物质精神文化,有助于学生取得良好的学业成绩;教师的知识素养、文化程度越高,学校的教育质量越高;教师接受培训的机会越多,学校的师资队伍越强大。从家庭环境来看,家长文化程度、职业类型、教育期待、与学校沟通的状况、辅导孩子学习的程度及为孩子提供的学习生活条件城乡均有明显的差距。家长的职业类型对孩子学业成绩差异具有很好的解释力;家长受教育程度、对孩子的教育期望越高,孩子的学业成绩越好;家长与学校沟通、对孩子学习辅导的效果越好;越有助于学生学业成绩的提高;除此之外,家庭生活学习条件对孩子取得良好的学业成绩也有重要的影响。从学生自身来看,城市学生在学习上的自我期望高于农村学生,是学生在学业上取得进步的有效动力。基于对以上影响城乡初中生学业成绩的因素分析,提出相应的解决对策:创设健康的周边环境,抵制不良习惯,拓宽信息渠道;全面优化学校资源,更新教学设备、构建特色文化校园、加强师资队伍建设;改善家庭教育环境,注重学生家长教育、改善学生教育消费、加强家校合作、鼓励家长积极参与孩子学习、构建良好家庭学习环境;鼓励学生提高自我教育期待。
[Abstract]:Academic achievement is the main embodiment of students' academic level, and it is also an important index to measure whether students are going to school. It is of great significance to explore the influencing factors and solutions to the imbalance of academic achievement of junior middle school students in Yanan city. It is of great significance to improve the quality of junior middle school education in rural areas and promote the equitable development of education. In this study, eight junior high schools in Yan'an city of Shaanxi Province were selected as the research objects, and two schools with obvious difference in education quality were selected from four districts of city, district, county and town respectively. By combining qualitative research with quantitative research, questionnaires were sent out in various research schools, supported by interviews with students, teachers and parents, and the present situation of students' academic achievement differences between urban and rural areas was presented through tables and icons. The study found that the difference of academic achievement between urban and rural junior middle school students in Yan'an is influenced by four factors: from the social environment, the urban community culture and entertainment atmosphere and the channels of information dissemination are superior to those in rural areas. It has a significant influence on the students' academic achievement. The students' academic achievement is higher than that in the rural areas in the areas with good atmosphere of culture and entertainment and wide channels of information dissemination. From the school environment, urban and rural teaching facilities, campus culture, teachers are very different. The advanced teaching equipment and the abundant material spiritual culture of the campus in the city junior middle school will help the students to obtain good academic achievement, the higher the knowledge accomplishment of the teacher, the higher the education quality of the school. The more opportunities for teachers to receive training, the stronger the school's faculty. From the point of view of family environment, there are obvious differences between urban and rural areas, such as parents' education level, occupation type, educational expectation, the condition of communication with school, the degree of tutoring children's study and the learning and living conditions provided for children. Parents' occupational types have a good explanation for the differences in their children's academic achievements; the higher the parents' educational level, the higher the children's educational expectations, the better the academic performance of the children, the better the effect of parents' communication with the school, the better the effect of guidance to their children's learning; In addition, the conditions of family life also have an important effect on children's good academic achievement. From the point of view of students themselves, urban students' self-expectation in study is higher than that of rural students, which is an effective motive force for students to make progress in their studies. Based on the analysis of the factors that affect the academic achievement of the junior middle school students in urban and rural areas, the corresponding countermeasures are put forward: creating a healthy peripheral environment, resisting bad habits and broadening the information channels; Optimize the school resources, renew the teaching equipment, construct the campus of characteristic culture, and strengthen the construction of the teaching staff; To improve the family education environment, pay attention to the parents' education, improve the students' education consumption, strengthen the home-school cooperation, encourage the parents to take an active part in the children's study, build a good family learning environment, and encourage the students to raise their self-education expectations.
【学位授予单位】：延安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G632.0

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