从教科书中发现历史—大陆人教版中学历史教科书中的蒋介石形象

发布时间：2019-06-20 12:33

【摘要】：从1949年10月1日新中国成立至今,大陆的中国共产党和台湾岛的国民党一直隔台湾海峡而望,国共两党的关系也从曾经的剑拔弩张逐渐走到今天的和平接洽。蒋介石,曾经国民党的最高领袖,是中国近现代史中的一个重要历史人物,与中国共产党建立的新中国有着千丝万缕的联系。新中国成立后,中国共产党成为大陆唯一的执政党,作为执政党,中国共产党在教科书中会怎样描述蒋介石这一历史人物的形象呢?人民教育出版社成立于1950年12月1日,自成立之日起就肩负着为全国各地学校提供教科书的历史重任。事实证明,人民教育出版社不负众望,为新中国的教育事业做出了巨大贡献,即使后来教科书选用制度发生变化,人民教育出版社出版的教科书在教育市场上依然占有很大的份额。人民教育出版社直接由中国共产党领导,因此考察人民教育出版社出版的历史教科书可以直观地看出中国共产党对蒋介石的人物评价。同时,从历时性的角度看,人民教育出版社出版的教科书具有较强的连贯性,便于研究考察。本文通过研究发现,不同历史时期的中学历史教科书对蒋介石形象的描述是不同的,但总的趋势是从对蒋介石的否定批判不断走向客观辩证。对于蒋介石形象在人教版中学历史教科书中的演变,本文也探析了其背后深层的政治和历史原因。首先,蒋介石形象在教科书中的变化跟国共两党的冷暖关系变化是分不开的。其次是新中国教育服务对象的变化,由最初的为无产阶级政治服务到为社会主义现代化建设服务的重要转变也推动了历史教科书中的蒋介石形象渐趋客观。最后是冷战与后冷战背景下史学语境的变化。随着史学语境不断冲破“泛政治化”的牢笼,历史教科书对蒋介石形象的描述也更加客观。
[Abstract]:Since the founding of the people's Republic of China on October 1, 1949, the Communist Party of China on the mainland and the Kuomintang on Taiwan Island have been looking across the Taiwan Strait, and the relationship between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party has gradually gone from the tension between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party to today's peaceful contacts. Chiang Kai-shek, once the supreme leader of the Kuomintang, is an important historical figure in the modern history of China and is inextricably linked to the new China established by the Communist Party of China. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, the Communist Party of China became the only ruling party in the mainland. As the ruling party, how will the Communist Party of China describe the image of Chiang Kai-shek as a historical figure in textbooks? The people's Education Publishing House was founded on December 1, 1950. Since its establishment, it has shouldered the historical responsibility of providing textbooks for schools all over the country. Facts have proved that the people's Education Publishing House has made great contributions to the education cause of New China, even if the textbook selection system has changed later, the textbooks published by the people's Education Publishing House still have a large share in the education market. The people's Education Publishing House is directly led by the Communist Party of China. Therefore, by investigating the history textbooks published by the people's Education Publishing House, we can intuitively see the Communist Party of China's evaluation of Chiang Kai-shek's characters. At the same time, from the diachronic point of view, the textbooks published by the people's Education Publishing House have strong coherence, which is convenient for research and investigation. Through the study, this paper finds that the description of Chiang Kai-shek's image in middle school history textbooks in different historical periods is different, but the general trend is from negative criticism of Chiang Kai-shek to objective dialectics. For the evolution of Chiang Kai-shek's image in the history textbook of middle school, this paper also probes into the deep political and historical reasons behind it. First of all, the change of Chiang Kai-shek's image in textbooks is inseparable from the change of the cold and warm relationship between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. Secondly, the change of educational service object in New China, from the initial service for proletarian politics to the service for socialist modernization, has also promoted the gradual objectivity of Chiang Kai-shek's image in history textbooks. Finally, it is the change of historical context under the background of cold war and post-cold war. With the historical context breaking through the cage of "pan-politicalization", the description of Chiang Kai-shek's image in history textbooks is more objective.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.51

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