清代“事例”的法源地位及现代启示

发布时间：2018-01-09 07:42

本文关键词：清代“事例”的法源地位及现代启示　出处：《辽宁大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：清朝是我国最后的专制王朝,清代法律也是集封建法律之大成者。清朝法律属于“律例法体系”,“例”是其中一个重要法源。清代本着“崇古”及皇权威严的思想,认定“律典”不可妄动,为“例”的制定留下空间。清代的“例”分为条例、则例和事例,“事例”是清代“例”体系中的一类,具有“例”的一般特性,同时在立法和司法实践上具有特殊性。事例是以行政法性质为主带有诸法合体性质,并附于《大清会典》之后的单行法规。事例繁多冗杂不成系统,研究起来较为困难。由刘笃才教授作为负责人的国家社科基金重点项目“明清事例研究”,是迄今为止对“事例”最为详尽深入的研究。笔者主要是以刘笃才教授的学术观点为依据,将清代律例法体系视为完整系统,从详实实证资料入手,界定“事例”的含义与性质,梳理事例作为法源的形成过程,通过分析条例、则例、判例与事例的区别,总结事例的特征,分析事例在清代长久存在的原因,进而指出事例这一法源在清代律例法体系中占有重要地位。事例的作用体现在:立法上弥补律典之不足,执法上“明刑弼eN”,司法上“便于听断”。当然,事例又有诸如权利等差、义务本位、立法专断、内容零散等局限性。虽然“事例”的各种弊端饱受现代学者的诟病,如它时效性较短,太过细枝末节,或是偶有“以例破律”的现象出现。但“事例”体现了清朝法律变通的魅力,展现了高超的立法技术水平,在当时确有存在的必要性和合理性,因而能在有清一代蓬勃滋长。“史”不仅要“思”,更贵在“鉴”,即以史鉴今。“事例”将律典比较抽象的精神原则具体化,通过制定临时性的法律规范使司法实践有法可依,尤其是“奏折”立法的出现更是大幅度缩短了立法周期,提高了行政效率。借鉴这种解决具体问题能力强,又方便快捷的长处,克服其弊端,实现“又好又快”的立法,对于瞬息万变的当代社会确实是大有裨益。
[Abstract]:The Qing Dynasty was the last autocratic dynasty in China, and the law of the Qing Dynasty was also a great success of the feudal law. The law of the Qing Dynasty belonged to the "system of laws and regulations". "the law" is one of the important sources of law. The Qing Dynasty, in line with the thought of "worshipping the ancient" and the majesty of the imperial power, decided that the "code of law" could not be acted on, leaving room for the formulation of the "law". The "example" of the Qing Dynasty was divided into regulations, rules of principles and examples. "case" is a kind of "example" system in Qing Dynasty, which has the general characteristic of "example", and has particularity in legislation and judicial practice at the same time. And attached to the "Qing Dynasty" after the separate laws and regulations. There are many cases jumbled into a system, it is more difficult to study. Professor Liu Ducai as the head of the National Social Science Fund key project "case study in the Ming and Qing dynasties." It is the most detailed and in-depth study of "case" so far. The author mainly based on the academic point of view of Professor Liu Ducai, regard the law system of Qing Dynasty as a complete system, starting from the detailed empirical data. It defines the meaning and nature of "case", combs the forming process of case as a source of law, through analyzing the difference between regulations, rules of law, precedent and case, summarizes the characteristics of cases, and analyzes the reasons for the long existence of cases in the Qing Dynasty. Furthermore, it points out that the law source of the case occupies an important position in the legal system of the Qing Dynasty. The role of the case is reflected in the following aspects: making up for the deficiency of the law code in legislation, enforcing the law "Ming punishment Bi en", and "convenient to hear and judge" in the administration of justice. Of course. Examples such as rights, obligations, arbitrary legislation, scattered content and other limitations. Although the "case" of various drawbacks have been criticized by modern scholars, such as its short timeliness, too detailed. Or occasionally the phenomenon of "breaking the law with examples", but "examples" reflects the charm of the legal flexibility of the Qing Dynasty, showing the superb level of legislative technology, the existence of the necessity and reasonableness at that time. Therefore, it can flourish in the Qing Dynasty. "History" should not only "think", but also "mirror", that is to say, "examples" concretize the more abstract spiritual principles of the law. Through the establishment of temporary legal norms to make the judicial practice have a legal basis, especially the appearance of "pass-through" legislation has significantly shortened the legislative cycle, improved administrative efficiency. The ability to use for reference to solve specific problems is strong. The advantages of convenience and speed, overcoming its disadvantages and realizing "good and fast" legislation are indeed of great benefit to the rapidly changing contemporary society.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：K249;D929

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