立法成本效益量化评估制度指标体系的研究

发布时间：2018-01-12 20:03

本文关键词：立法成本效益量化评估制度指标体系的研究　出处：《山东大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：立法成本效益量化评估指标体系是立法成本效益量化评估制度的重要内容,同时也是立法后评估的一种分析方法和测评工具,通过设置科学合理的具体指标,计算立法效益评估立法的实施效果,为修改法律法规提供客观真实的数据。中共中央十八届四中全会上,指出全面推进社会主义法治建设,全面建设社会主义法治国家,建设法治中国,建设法治国家、法治政府、法治社会。依法治国首先要有法可依,法律、法规的质量决定中国特色法律体系的构建,亦决定着社会主义法治道路的建设。目前我国法律数量只增不减,质量参差不齐,各地方法规内容相互借鉴,但是法律执行情况却不尽如人意,法律法规造成的社会效果没有达到预期的立法目的,法律法规明确的事项,没有得到贯彻实施,立法成本同比增高,但是立法效益却并没有同比例增长。正因如此我们更要重视法律的实施情况,而立法成本效益评量化估指标体系有助于提高立法质量,增强立法的实际社会效果。立法成本效益量化评估指标体系基于两个理论前提,一个是立法成本与立法收益的量化评估模型CBA即净效益=总收益-总成本；另一个是福利最大化理论,即将“福利”金钱化、货币化,并以此作为衡量指标的标准。在设计立法成本与立法收益的指标时,分析影响量化评估模型的相关因素,根据影响立法成本、立法收益的几个方面设计指标体系。立法成本影响因子主要是立法投入、行政机关执法、公民守法、法院司法；立法收益的影响因子主要是立法对于社会生活产生的积极作用,包括一项法律实施后维持社会稳定、促进经济发展、提高环境质量、完善法律体系等。立法成本效益量化评估指标体系,首先应该确定设计的基本原则,并吸取其他成本效益量化评估指标体系的优势方面,以此确定该指标体系的主要内容及计算方式。立法成本效益指标体系的最终目的还是要与实践相结合,所设计的具体指标应当可获取、易计算,能够得出立法效益的有效数据,为法律法规的修改提供客观依据。因此以《济南市养犬管理规定》作为实证研究对象,评估该项法规的立法成本与立法效益,反馈立法成本效益指标体系存在的问题,不断完善指标体系的科学性、有效性、实践性。美国是最早进行成本效益分析的国家,对于行政监管行为都需要进行成本效益分析；欧盟则通过《规制影响分析》优化监管措施,其中明确规定了详细的指标,计算监管措施对社会、经济、环境产生的影响。在2000年年底,OECD有28个成员国全面采用了监管影响分析计划(RIA, Regulatory Impact Analysis)另外6个国家部分适用了该分析方法,并且被用于越来越多的基本立法中。海南作为我国第一个实施立法成本效益分析的省份,却没有收集到具体的评估报告,实践性有待考证。立法成本效益指标体系的研究,通过归纳演绎、对比分析、系统综合以及实证调查等分析方法的综合运用,总结指标体系从创立到成熟的发展规律和客观历史进程。针对我国目前法律法规数量多、质量不一的现象,确定可操作性强、科学性高的指标体系。对比多个指标体系,挖掘其中的本质,对比不同法律法规的指标使用方式和量化计算方式,提出符合我国国情的指标体系。并且,将指标体系与具体法律法规相结合,论证其实践的可行性。2004年国务院要求积极探索对政府立法项目尤其是经济立法项目的成本效益分析制度。政府立法不仅要考虑立法过程成本,还要研究其实施后的执法成本和社会成本。另外,《立法法(修正案)》要求对于某些法律案可以针对可行性、出台时机、社会效果等方面组织开展评估工作。总而言之,无论是法律的要求还是我国目前的法治现实,根据我国的实际情况设计科学合理的立法成本效益量化评估的指标体系,势在必行。这不仅有利于反映我国法律法规的实施情况,更有利于提高立法质量,节约立法资源,不断提高立法的经济、社会、环境效益。
[Abstract]:The legislative cost benefit quantitative evaluation index system is an important part of the legislative cost benefit evaluation system, but also the evaluation after legislation is an analysis method and evaluation tools, through specific indicators set up scientific and reasonable calculation, the implementation effect of the legislative benefit evaluation of legislation, provide the objective real data to modify the laws and regulations. The CPC Central Committee in the fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee. Pointed out that promoting the construction of socialist rule of law, building a socialist country under the rule of law, rule of law Chinese, building the rule of law, rule of law government, the rule of law. The rule of law must first law, law, law system construction China characteristics decide quality of regulations, but also determines the socialist legal construction of roads. The current number of law not only increase the content, quality is uneven, various local regulations to learn from each other, but the law enforcement situation was not as good as people Italy, legal regulations and cause social effect did not reach the expected purpose of legislation, matters of clear laws and regulations, have not been implemented, but an increased cost of legislation, the legislative benefit did not grow proportionally. So we should pay more attention to the implementation of the law and legislative situation, cost benefit evaluation of quantitative evaluation index system help to improve the quality of legislation, strengthen legislation of the actual social effect. The legislative cost benefit evaluation index system of the two theories based on the premise that a CBA quantitative evaluation model of legislative cost and the legislative benefits net benefit = total revenue - total cost; the other is a welfare maximization theory, the "welfare" money, monetization, and as a measure of the standard. In the design of legislative cost and legislative income indicators, analyze the factors influencing the quantitative evaluation model, according to the influence of the legislative cost, legislation Several aspects of design index system of revenue. The main factor is the cost of legislation into the legislative, administrative law enforcement agencies, civil law, the court of justice; legislation is the main influence factor yields positive effect of legislation for social life, including a law after the implementation of maintaining social stability, promote economic development, improve the quality of the environment, improve the legal system. The evaluation index system of legislation cost and benefit quantification, should first determine the basic design principle, and absorb other advantages of cost benefit evaluation index system, in order to determine the main contents of the index system and calculation method. The ultimate goal of legislation cost benefit index system is to combine with practice, the specific design index it should be accessible, easy to calculate, effective data can be obtained in legislative efficiency, provide an objective basis for the revision of laws and regulations. So " The kennel management regulations of Ji'nan city as the research object, evaluation of the legislative cost and benefit of the legislation and regulations, feedback of legislation cost benefit index system problems, and constantly improve the scientific index system, the validity of the practice. The United States is the first country to cost benefit analysis, the administrative supervision is required cost benefit analysis; EU Regulation Analysis > < through optimization of regulatory measures, which clearly stipulates the detailed indicators, economic calculation of regulatory measures on society, environmental impact generated. At the end of 2000, OECD has 28 member states adopted a comprehensive regulatory impact analysis program (RIA Regulatory Impact, Analysis) in 6 a part of the country for the analysis method, and used the basic legislation more and more in Hainan. As the first implementation of cost benefit analysis for legislation in the provinces, but not Gather detailed assessment report, the practice remains to be proven. Study on the legislative cost benefit index system, through comparative analysis, induction and deduction, systematic and comprehensive investigation and analysis, summed up the index system from the beginning to the mature development rule and the objective historical process. According to the number of China's current laws and regulations. The quality is not a phenomenon, determine the operability and scientific index system of high contrast. Multiple index system, mining the essence, comparison of different laws and regulations index use and quantitative calculation methods, put forward the index system according to the situation of our country. And, the index system and the combination of specific laws and regulations, to demonstrate the feasibility of.2004 years practice requirements of the State Council on active exploration project of government legislation especially cost-benefit analysis project economic legislation system. The government should not only consider legislation legislation The process cost, but also to study the implementation of law enforcement and social cost. In addition, "the Legislative Law (Amendment)" requirements for certain legal case for feasibility, timing, and other aspects of the effect of social organization to carry out the assessment. All in all, whether legal requirements or the rule of law in China according to the current reality, imperative the evaluation index system, the actual situation of China's scientific and rational design of the legislation cost and benefit quantification. This is not only conducive to reflect the implementation of the laws and regulations of our country, more conducive to improving the quality of legislation, legislation to save resources, improve the legislation of economic, social and environmental benefits.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D920.0

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