民俗习惯的司法价值初探

发布时间：2018-01-22 07:58

本文关键词： 民俗习惯国家法律司法运用　出处：《华东政法大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着国家普法宣传的深入，公众的法治意识不断得到提升，当发生矛盾纠纷时越来越多地人开始到法院去寻求纠纷的解决。法官审理案件依据的是国家的法律，由于我国现阶段的部分法律是从西方移植而来，普通百姓对它的具体内容不甚了解，所以更多地还是将自己熟悉的民俗习惯作为判断是非曲直的依据。然而法律的规定和民俗习惯的内容并不总是一致的，在具体的个案中两者之间可能存有差异甚至完全相悖。此时若法官严格的依法裁判得出的判决结果会和人们依据民俗习惯推断出的结果存在差异，这种差异容易引发当事人对司法裁判的质疑，进而危及法律的权威。自从苏力先生提出“法治及其本土资源”这一命题后，人们开始思索在中国也许纠纷的解决既不能单纯地依靠民俗习惯，也不能单纯地依靠法律，而是需要通过各种社会规范共同发挥作用。实践中已经有法院意识到民俗习惯的司法价值并尝试在本院的案件审理中加以运用，取得了较好的社会效果。本文除引言和结语外，共分为以下四个部分。第一部分对民俗习惯在外国司法和我国古代、近代以及现今司法中的运用状况进行了介绍。其中重点是从“法院实践的特点”、“当事人的态度”和“学界的看法”三个角度对我国现今司法中的民俗习惯运用状况予以介绍。第二部分结合相关案例分析研究司法实践中，民俗习惯的运用会产生怎样的积极作用和消极作用。第三部分对进一步完善我国司法中民俗习惯的运用提出三点建议。一是要提高法官运用民俗习惯的意识和能力。二是要通过相关程序和配套制度的建立，，尽量规范民俗习惯在司法中的运用。三是尽量将民俗习惯的司法运用限制在中级和基层法院。第四部分以前三部分为基础进而提出：理想的法治社会中，纠纷的解决应尽量尊重当地的民俗习惯；但诉讼中法律和民俗习惯之间的矛盾不可调和时，法律的适用应当是第一位的；而民俗习惯则在诉外纠纷解决机制中有着发挥作用的广阔舞台。笔者期望通过对上述问题的阐述，为民俗习惯在司法实践中的合理运用提供一些有益的参考。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of national publicity of law, the public awareness of the rule of law has been constantly improved, when more and more people began to go to the court to seek the settlement of disputes. Judges try cases based on the law of the country. Because some laws of our country are transplanted from the west at present, the ordinary people do not know much about its concrete content. So it is more familiar with the folk customs as the basis for judging the right and wrong. However, the provisions of the law and the content of customs are not always the same. In a specific case, there may be differences between the two or even completely contrary. At this time, if the judge is strictly adjudicated according to the law, the result of the judgment will be different from the result that people infer according to folk customs. This kind of difference easily causes the party to question to the judicial judgment, thus endangers the authority of the law, since Mr. Su Li put forward the proposition of "the rule of law and its native resources". People began to think that the resolution of disputes in China could not rely solely on folklore or the law. In practice, some courts have realized the judicial value of folklore and tried to use it in the trial of our court cases, and achieved good social effect. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this article is divided into the following four parts. The first part introduces the application of folklore custom in foreign judicature, ancient, modern and present judicial practice in China. The emphasis is on the characteristics of court practice. The attitudes of the parties and the views of the academic circles introduce the application of folk customs in our country. The second part analyzes the positive and negative effects of the application of folk customs in judicial practice. The third part puts forward three suggestions to further improve the use of folk customs in our judicial system. One is to improve the awareness and ability of judges to use folk customs and the other is to establish relevant procedures and supporting systems. The third is to limit the judicial application of folklore customs to the intermediate and grass-roots courts as far as possible. The first three parts of part 4th are based on the following points: in an ideal society of rule of law, the settlement of disputes should respect local folklore and customs as far as possible; But when the contradiction between law and folk custom is irreconcilable in litigation, the application of law should be the first; The author hopes to provide some useful reference for the rational application of folk custom in judicial practice by expounding the above problems.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D920.4

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