中世纪西欧教会婚姻法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-16 03:06

本文选题：中世纪　切入点：西欧　出处：《湘潭大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：公元476年,西罗马帝国在蛮族的入侵战争中灭亡,西欧进入漫长的中世纪时期。此时的西欧各国处于封建割据的状态,没有一个统一而有力的中央政权,基督教会通过宗教信仰的力量,逐渐形成以教皇为中心的、等级森严的权力机构,同时也逐渐发展出属于自己的一套完整的法律体系与法律制度。中世纪教会对西欧社会的影响涉及到人们生活的各个方面,成为推动西欧社会发展的重要动力。家庭是社会的基本单元,教会深知对人们婚姻家庭生活的管控有利于实现对西欧社会的管理与控制。婚姻法律制度是教会法的重要组成部分,从3世纪开始的一些零散的教规教令到13世纪庞大的教会法规体系,教会从未中止过对信徒们婚姻家庭的管控。教会婚姻法律制度的形成,有其深厚的神学和法学思想基础,虽然教会法学家从未把《圣经》“降低”为一部律法书,而是将其奉作经典,但是教会法的许多思想精髓都来源于《圣经》。《圣经》中包含大量对婚姻教导的内容,几乎所有的神学家和教会法学家在对婚姻法律制度的阐释和论述时都要到《圣经》中寻找理论依据,并将此视为最具说服力的论据。在12和13世纪,教会首次系统化了其关于婚姻的圣礼神学和教会法。教会教导信徒,婚姻是由上帝所设立,目的是生养众多,夫妻之间应当相互友爱,和睦相处。教会还教导信徒,婚姻是一个契约单位,由双方当事人自愿、合意缔结而形成,任何人不得强迫他人订立婚约或结婚。教会鼓励想缔结婚姻的男女要在亲友及上帝的见证下,在教堂里以庄严的婚姻仪式公开完成婚礼。教会将婚姻作为基督教圣礼之一,神圣而永恒,一经缔结,不可解除。相比较充斥着家长权威的罗马婚姻法律制度以及粗俗野蛮的日耳曼婚姻法律制度,教会婚姻法律制度形成较晚,因此,教会婚姻法律制度吸收了大量了罗马及日耳曼婚姻法律制度的元素。教会婚姻法律制度对西方社会产生了巨大的影响,奠定了西方婚姻法律制度基本的发展方向。
[Abstract]:In 476 AD, the Western Roman Empire perished in the invasion war of the barbarians, and Western Europe entered a long medieval period. At that time, the western European countries were in a state of feudal separation, without a unified and powerful central regime. Through the power of religious belief, the Christian Church gradually formed a heavily hierarchical authority centered on the pope. At the same time, it also gradually developed its own set of complete legal system and legal system. The influence of medieval churches on Western European society involves all aspects of people's life. The family is the basic unit of society. The Church is well aware that the control of people's marriage and family life is conducive to the administration and control of Western European society. The legal system of marriage is an important part of church law, From the scattered rules and regulations that began in 3th century to the huge church legal system in 13th century, the church never ceased to control the marriage and family of believers. The formation of the legal system of church marriage has its deep theological and legal ideological foundation. Although church jurists never "degrade" the Bible as a law book, but instead consecrate it as a scripture, much of the ideological essence of church law comes from the Bible. The Bible contains a great deal of teaching about marriage. Almost all theologians and church jurists, in their interpretation and discourse of the legal system of marriage, go to the Bible to find the theoretical basis and regard it as the most convincing argument. In December and 13th century, For the first time, the church systematized its sacramental theology and church law on marriage. The church taught believers that marriage was established by God to give birth to a large number of couples and that couples should be friendly and in harmony. The church also taught believers. Marriage is a contractual unit formed by the voluntary and consensual conclusion of a marriage by the parties. No one shall force another person to enter into a marriage or marry. The church encourages men and women who wish to enter into marriage to be witnessed by their relatives, friends and God, To perform a wedding in public in a solemn marriage ceremony in a church. The church regards marriage as one of the Christian sacraments, sacred and eternal, once it has been concluded, Compared with the Roman marriage law system, which is full of patriarchal authority, and the vulgar and barbaric Germanic marriage law system, the church marriage law system was formed later, so, The church marriage law system absorbed a large number of elements of Roman and Germanic marriage legal system, which had a great influence on the western society and laid the basic development direction of the western marriage law system.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D909.1

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