英美合同法中违约获益返还责任研究

发布时间：2018-03-16 16:02

本文选题：期待利益规则　切入点：不法获益赔偿责任　出处：《中国政法大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：传统的美国合同法并没有承认也并没有在其判例法中体现违约方返还因违约所获利益可以作为合同救济的一种方式。即将出台《返还法》(第三次)重述中开创性的规定在机会违约的情况下,原告可以通过这种救济方式要求违约方返还其能够认识到的因违约所获得的利益。重述这一规定是对2001年英国上议院对Attorney v. Blake一案判决的认可,也是对近些年美国合同法判例中涌现的给予这种新型的合同救济方式以司法上支持的承认,更大程度上意欲打破《合同法》第二次重述中确立的合同法所应保护的三重利益的格局,即期待利益、信赖利益和返还利益。返还所得利益这种责任形式出现在合同法领域的相关判决之前,广泛的存在于信托法、侵权法和知识产权法中,因此可以认为这种新型的救济方式的理论源头是侵权行为法或者其他法律中的不法获益赔偿责任,它与实际履行、禁令同样属于衡平法救济方式之一,英文表达方式是“disgorgement damages”,即要求被告返还因侵犯原告合法利益所得的利益,主要目的则是弥补一般损害赔偿无法为当事人提供足够充分救济的缺陷抑或当事人的损害无法现实计算时根据被告所获非法利益大小对当事人进行赔偿,我国新近出台的《侵权责任法》第二十条也有相似规定。但是这种新型的救济方式在合同法中的应用在英美法系国家并没有得到一种显著的地位,本文意欲将这种救济方式的历史发展做一梳理,进而对随之的各种观点予以分析与评价,并提出自己的见解。在综合分析英美法系这种新型责任形式的理论基础、归责原则、构成和免责事由的基础上,对我国合同法违约赔偿责任体系进行评价并提出相关的完善建议。
[Abstract]:The traditional American contract law does not recognize and does not reflect in its case law that the breaching party's return of the benefits derived from the breach of contract can be used as a way to remedy the contract. In the event of an opportunity to default, In this way, the plaintiff may demand that the defaulting party return the benefits it can recognize as a result of the breach. Restating this provision is a confirmation of the British House of Lords decision of 2001 in the Attorney v. Blake case. It is also a recognition of the judicial support for this new form of contractual relief that has emerged in recent years in American contract law cases. To a greater extent, it is intended to break the pattern of triple interests, which should be protected by the contract law established in the second restatement of the contract Law, that is, expected interest. Before the relevant judgment in the field of contract law, this form of liability exists widely in trust law, tort law and intellectual property law. Therefore, it can be considered that the theoretical source of this new form of relief is the liability for unlawful benefit in tort law or other laws, which, together with actual performance, the prohibition belongs to one of the equitable remedies. The English expression is "disgorgement damages", in which the defendant is required to return the benefit derived from the infringement of the plaintiff's legitimate interests. The main purpose is to make up for the deficiency that general damages do not provide adequate relief to the parties, or to compensate the parties on the basis of the extent of the illegal benefits received by the accused when their damage cannot be realistically calculated, There are similar provisions in Article 20th of the Tort liability Law, but the application of this new relief method in the contract law has not gained a significant status in the countries of Anglo-American legal system. This paper intends to sort out the historical development of this kind of relief, and then to analyze and evaluate the various viewpoints that follow, and to put forward its own opinions. In the comprehensive analysis of the theoretical basis of the new type of responsibility in the common law system, the principle of imputation, On the basis of constitution and exoneration, this paper evaluates the system of liability for breach of contract in contract law of our country and puts forward some relevant suggestions.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D956.1;D971.2;D923.6

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