明清州县细故案件审理的法律史重构

发布时间：2018-03-16 18:12

  本文选题：明清　切入点：细故　出处：《历史研究》2014年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：明代中期里老人理讼制崩解后,呈控州县的细故案件激增。为适应此变化,清代州县细故审理逐渐形成和解优先的做法,州县官通常促使或命令当事人寻求调解,由此形成多元的结案形式,批词和判词外,息呈、销呈、保状、甘结等均是重要的结案形式。批、判词重给"说法",也即辨明是非,与和解并不矛盾。细故审理受传统契约的约束力影响,大多数产权归属和交易类案件,可以转换为契约真实性和合法性的审查工作,结论具有可预测性。但因无确定规则可资援引,存在同类案件在不同地方裁判不一致的现象。身份及与身份相关的财产类案件,因有律例可以参照,裁判通常具有一致性。但并无必须援引律例的限制,对于参照律例不合适的,州县官会结合情理下判。
[Abstract]:In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, after the old people's litigation system collapsed, the number of detailed cases in the state and county control increased sharply. In order to adapt to this change, in order to adapt to this change, the state magistrate usually urged or ordered the party concerned to seek mediation, in order to adapt to this change and gradually form the practice of giving priority to reconciliation. As a result, there are many forms of closing the case, with the exception of criticism and judgment, information presentation, sale, protection, and so on, all of which are important forms of closure. Batch and judgment are given to "statement" again, that is to say, to distinguish right and wrong. There is no contradiction with settlement. Due to the binding force of traditional contracts, the majority of property ownership and transaction cases can be translated into a review of the authenticity and legality of contracts. The conclusion is predictable. However, because there are no definite rules to be invoked, there is inconsistent adjudication of similar cases in different places. Identity and identity-related property cases can be referred to because there are laws and regulations. Referees are usually consistent. However, there is no need to invoke the limitations of the statutes, and for those not appropriate to refer to them, the state and county officials will rule in conjunction with reason.
【作者单位】： 华中科技大学法学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金重点资助项目(项目号12AFX004)的研究成果之一
【分类号】：D929;K248
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本文编号：1621084