南京国民政府训政时期的司法实践研究

发布时间：2018-03-22 23:04

本文选题：以党治国　切入点：司法实践　出处：《郑州大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：1928年12月,南京政府在名义上统一了全国,结束了历时十几年的军阀混战局面。这一局面一直持续到1937年全面抗日战争的爆发,在南京国民政府的强权统治下,中国进入了一个相对平静的时期。姑且将1927年到1936年这一段时间称之为“南京十年”。本文将这一时期的司法作为研究对象,具体主要分为引言和四个部分：引言部分介绍了南京国民政府建立之初的时代背景,以1927年到1936年为研究范围,司法党化引起笔者很大的兴趣,意欲从历史传承性和发展性的角度,分析和认识这一时期的司法状况。第一部分详细说明了孙中山以党治国思想的形成,明确指出以党治国实质是以党义治国,而不是党员治国；其次介绍了胡汉民对孙中山以党治国思想的发展,国民党作为“训政保姆”,把人民大众看做婴孩,代表人民进行“以党治国”；最后,介绍了蒋介石对以党治国思想的异化,以党治国思想最终演变成了蒋介石的个人独裁。第二部分指出,在理论层面上,训政司法实践有两个阶段之区分,第一阶段以徐谦、王宠惠为代表,司法党化以革命化的语词与形式表达出来；第二阶段以居正为代表,不仅弱化前期革命化的语词含义,同时淡化因司法党化一词本身所有的政治含义所带来的争议,而代之以司法民族化,以民族主义作为司法制度党义化的正当性理由。第三部分从主观方面和客观方面分析了“南京十年”司法党化的具体实践,主观方面表现在法官的考选和司法官的党员化、人民陪审制度等,客观方面表现在司法实践中依据党义判案等,让我们对这一时期的司法状况有了全面而深刻的认识。第四部分评价了南京国民政府训政时期的司法实践问题,首先指出训政时期的以党治国来源于但又背离了三民主义；其次指出司法党化是当时社会环境的无奈之举,对外废除不平等条约的无奈选择和整合社会资源的需要。最后指出训政司法出现了异化,其主要形式在于个人独裁。
[Abstract]:In December 1928, the Nanjing government unites the whole country in name, putting an end to the war of warlords, which lasted for more than ten years. This situation lasted until the outbreak of the all-out War of Resistance against Japan in 1937, under the strong power of the Nanjing National Government. China has entered a relatively quiet period. The period from 1927 to 1936 is called "Nanjing decade". The introduction introduces the background of the Nanjing National Government at the beginning of its establishment. From 1927 to 1936, the judicial partisanship aroused the author's great interest and intended to be from the perspective of historical inheritance and development. Analysis and understanding of the judicial situation in this period. The first part explains in detail the formation of Sun Zhongshan's thought of governing the country by the Party, and points out clearly that the essence of ruling the country by the Party is to govern the country by the Party, not by the Party members; secondly, it introduces the development of Hu Han-min 's thought of ruling the country by the Party to Sun Zhongshan. The Kuomintang, as a "political nanny", regards the masses of the people as babies and represents the people in "ruling the country by the Party". Finally, it introduces Jiang Jieshi's alienation of the thought of governing the country by the Party, and the thought of governing the country by the Party eventually evolves into the personal dictatorship of Jiang Jieshi. The second part points out that at the theoretical level, there are two stages in the judicial practice of political training. The first stage is represented by Xu Qian and Wang Daohui, and the judicial party is represented by revolutionary words and forms, and the second stage is represented by Juzheng. It not only weakens the meaning of the words in the early period of revolutionization, but also weakens the controversy brought about by the political meaning of the term "judicial party" itself, and replaces it with judicial nationalization and nationalism as the justification of party justice in the judicial system. The third part analyzes the concrete practice of judicial partying in "Nanjing decade" from subjective and objective aspects. The subjective aspects are the selection of judges, the Party membership of magistrates, the system of people's jury, and so on. The objective aspect shows in the judicial practice according to the party justice judgment and so on, let us have the comprehensive and profound understanding to the judicial situation of this period. The fourth part evaluates the judicial practice of the Nanjing National Government during the period of political training. Firstly, it points out that the ruling by the Party came from but deviates from the "three people's principles"; secondly, it points out that the judicial partying is the helpless act of the social environment at that time. Finally, it is pointed out that the dissimilation of the training and administration of justice, the main form of which is the individual dictatorship, is the choice of abrogation of unequal treaties in foreign countries and the need of integrating social resources.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D926;D929

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