北洋政府时期平政院研究

发布时间：2018-03-22 23:30

本文选题：平政院　切入点：肃政厅　出处：《内蒙古大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：北洋政府成立以后,1914年3月31日公布了《平政院编制令》,规定了平政院的组织与职权,这是中国近代第一部正式公布实施的行政审判机关组织法。1914年6月,北洋政府依据该法令在北京设平政院。这是“中国第一个行政诉讼审判机关”,近代行政诉讼制度从此开始在中国运行。这标志着中国法制体制正式将行政诉讼纳入其中,对于推动我国法制近代化具有创造性的意义。平政院隶属于大总统,向大总统负责。其内设行政审判庭,受理全国行政诉讼及纠弹案件,主掌行政审判。在裁撤都察院以后,依据《平政院编制令》,都察院的纠弹职能被列入平政院,又在平政院内部设立了肃政厅肃政厅独立于平政院各行政审判庭,直接对大总统负责,独立行使纠弹与行政公诉之职。将肃政厅纳入平政院框架之中,在民国初年的政治背景下,肩负着受理行政诉讼和纠举弹劫官吏的双重使命,集行政审判和惩戒行政官吏的职能为一体,这种做法的本质是引进西方行政诉讼制度、行政立法的同时,又兼顾中国历来重视吏治的传统,使得平政院兼具近代行政审判职能与传统监察职能。平政院的建立与运行,是中国从传统监察向近代监察转型的重要司法实践。其思想来源,既有中国传统台谏监察制度优秀成分,又有近代西方民主宪政思想。民国初年的平政院是西方资产阶级的宪政文化、中国传统的法律资源与当时的国情相结合的产物。平政院体现了将中国传统监察制度和近代西方先进行政诉讼制度与行政监督体制相结合的特点,极具本土特色。研究平政院,以史为鉴,十分必要。尽管它也存在着如过度受制于大总统等诸多弊端,但其中也不乏合理因素,有很多可供后世借鉴的诉讼实践。作为草创于民国初年的一个制度尝试,平政院对中国近代行政诉讼制度与监督体制的形成有着积极的意义。本文力求历史与逻辑相一致,试图在前人研究的基础上,更加深入地考察民国北洋政府时期平政院这一独具特色的机构。本文运用了比较分析、列举分析、案例分析等方法,对民国时期北洋政府的平政院的设立背景、设置理念以及其机构和职能进行全面细致地探索,研究历史在于指导现在,本文还把平政院与现代的检察院以及法院进行了全方位的比较,以期有可借鉴之经验。
[Abstract]:After the establishment of the Beiyang Government, on March 31, 1914, it promulgated the "Establishment order of the Plain Government", which stipulated the organization and powers of the Pingzhou-Yuan. This was the first official promulgation of the Organic Law of the Administrative and Judicial organs in Modern China. In June 1914, According to the decree, the Beiyang Government set up an equal administrative court in Beijing. This is "the first administrative litigation judicial organ in China." the modern administrative litigation system has since started to operate in China. This marks the formal inclusion of administrative litigation in the Chinese legal system. It is of creative significance to promote the modernization of the legal system in our country. The Ping Zheng Yuan is subordinate to the President and is accountable to the President. It has an administrative trial chamber, accepts administrative litigation and bomb correction cases throughout the country, and presides over the administrative trial. After the abolition of the capital court, In accordance with the decree on the Establishment of the Plain political Yuan, the function of correcting ammunition in the Capital Inspection Institute was included in the Plain Government Yuan, and the Suzheng Department was set up within the Ping Government Yuan to be independent of the administrative divisions of the Pingzheng Yuan and directly responsible to the President. Under the political background of the beginning of the Republic of China, under the political background of the early Republic of China, it shouldered the dual mission of accepting administrative litigation and correcting and robbing officials. The essence of this kind of practice is to introduce western administrative litigation system, administrative legislation at the same time, at the same time, China has always attached importance to the tradition of official administration. The establishment and operation of the Pingzheng Court is an important judicial practice in China's transition from traditional supervision to modern supervision. There are not only excellent elements of Chinese traditional Taiwan admonition and supervision system, but also modern western democratic constitutionalism. In the early years of the Republic of China, the Pingzheng Yuan was the constitutional culture of the western bourgeoisie. The Chinese traditional legal resources combined with the national conditions at that time. The Pingzheng Yuan embodies the characteristics of combining the Chinese traditional supervisory system with the modern western advanced administrative litigation system and the administrative supervision system. It is very necessary to learn from history. Although it also has many drawbacks, such as excessive restriction by the President, but there are also many reasonable factors, there are many litigation practices that can be used for reference by later generations. As a system attempt, it was created in the early years of the Republic of China. It has positive significance to the formation of administrative litigation system and supervision system in modern China. Based on the previous studies, this paper tries to make a more thorough investigation of this unique institution, which was a unique institution during the period of the Northern Yang Government. This paper uses the methods of comparative analysis, enumeration analysis, case analysis, and so on. In the period of the Republic of China, the establishment background, the setting idea, the organization and the function of the Beiyang government were comprehensively and meticulously explored, and the history of the study was to guide the present. This article also compares the Pingzheng Yuan with the modern procuratorate and the court in an all-round way in order to draw lessons from the experience.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D929

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