论法律主体

发布时间：2018-03-30 15:00

本文选题：法律主体　切入点：人格　出处：《山东大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文之所以把法律主体概念作为研究的对象,主要是基于法律主体概念本身的重要性和复杂性。法律概念的重要性,不仅体现在其对法学研究的重要意义,而且更体现在它对于其他部门法立法也具有重大影响。文章通过重点对法律主体概念的地位、概念、标准及演进过程等进行理论的和历史的分析研究,以描绘出法律主体制度创新的历史线索,沿着这条漫长的线索梳理出动植物是否可以成为法律主体的结论。在法律理论的发展过程中,法律主体概念的重要性和基础性地位逐渐得到普遍的认同。法律主体的概念是作为“类”的人,在法律中获得了一般性和普遍性。主体概念的形成过程是对人的“类本质”的概括过程,法律主体的概念产生于法律的拟制,理论的抽象与立法的现实也是相辅相成的,所有的法律理论和现实都是为了使法律主体成为法律上价值的最终归属者。法律主体的演进过程揭示出了主体的拟制本质和拟制标准,同时法律主体的演进也可以说是人格——这一法律主体标准随着经济社会发展不断适应变化的过程。本文将重点分析自由意志、理性、感觉等人格的外延,认为法律主体的标准不应该是单一的而是多元的,而且各种类型的实体只要具备了其中一个标准就可以成为法律主体,而无需全部具备。纵观法律主体制度发展演变的历史来看,可以说主要分为两个阶段：1、生物学意义上的人内部的变迁阶段；2、从生物学意义上的人到组织体的变迁阶段。即,既经历了由部分自然人拥有主体资格向全体自然人拥有主体资格的转变；又经历了由自然人向拟制主体的演进,也可以说是从一元主体向多元主体的扩张。有人据此希望将动物赋予法律主体资格地位,但是我们不能否认的是这在理论上和实践中仍然存在着重重的障碍。法律主体范围的扩大是法律对经济社会发展现实的一种适应和协调,是一定时期立法者立法思想智慧的结晶。法律主体资格的标准也是随着社会经济的发展不断变化的。因此,什么样的实体可以具有法律主体资格,成为法律的主体,应当回归到当时的社会背景下,结合当时的主体制度作出审慎、周密的决定则是较为合理的。总得说来可以认为,迄今为止,所有的法律问题都是围绕主体而展开的,即都是主体构成性的,因此,主体是一个牵一发而动全局的核心问题,是最富有挑战性的课题,对于它的研究必然具有历久弥新的价值。
[Abstract]:This paper focuses on the importance and complexity of the concept of legal subjects as the object of research , mainly based on the importance and complexity of the concept of legal subjects .

In the course of the development of the law theory , the importance and the basic position of the concept of the legal subject are gradually accepted . The concept of the subject concept is as the " class " . The formation process of the subject concept is the general process of the " nature of the nature " of the human . The concept of the legal entity is generated in the drafting of the law , the abstract of the theory and the reality of the legislation are mutually reinforcing , and all legal theories and reality are to make the legal subject become the final attribution of the legal value .

The evolution of the legal subjects reveals the essential nature of the subject and the proposed standard , and the evolution of the legal subjects can be said to be the process of changing the subject standard of the law as the economic and social development adapts to the changing process . The article will focus on analyzing the extension of the personality such as free will , reason and feeling , and it is believed that the standard of the legal entity should not be single but plural , and the various types of entities can be divided into two stages as long as they have one of them .
2 . From the biological significance to the transition stage of the organization , that is , it has experienced the transformation from the part of the natural person to the subject qualification to the whole natural person ;
It also goes through the evolution of the natural person to the main body , and it can be said that it is the expansion of the main body from one element to the plural . Some people hope to give the animal the subject qualification status , but we cannot deny that this is still a serious obstacle in theory and practice .

The extension of the scope of the legal subjects is a kind of adaptation and coordination of the law to the reality of economic and social development . It is the crystallization of the legislative thought wisdom of the legislators in a certain period . The standard of the subject qualification of the law is also changing with the development of the social economy . Therefore , what kind of entity can have the subject qualification of the law and become the subject of the law , should return to the social background at that time , it is reasonable to combine the subject system at the time to make a careful and thorough decision .

In general , it can be considered that , so far , all legal issues have been unfolded around the subject , that is , the main body constitution , therefore , the subject is one of the most challenging topics , and it must have a long time for its research .

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D90

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