从法国大革命到美国的乡镇自治——以托克维尔的地方自由观为视角

发布时间：2018-04-01 09:47

本文选题：民主　切入点：平等自由　出处：《经典中的法理》2013年01期

【摘要】：民主究竟是治世良药,还是祸患之源?自其诞生之际争论就不绝于耳。当民主平等的思潮不可遏制地冲进旧的贵族体系,一种躁动在萌发,法国人期望通过一场彻底的大革命将法国带出僵直的政治体制。他们以极大的政治热情推翻了旧的贵族体系,然而期望中的自由和平等并未如期而至,相反,各种动乱和纷争使有志之士开始探索国家的道路所在。托克维尔在考察了美国社会的政治体制之后,清醒地看到民主的潮流不可逆转,然而,民主社会自身也存在巨大的弊端。美国自治乡镇的权力架构,以及英国的自治传统、商业的特殊作用、宗教的洗礼等维护乡镇自治的因素,这些论述凸显出乡镇自治的重要作用:其构成了美国的政权基石,同时也成为美国政府权力的主要来源,更重要的是这种独特的政治体制激发了人民自我管理与政治参与的强烈愿望,也使人民受到良好的政治教育。
[Abstract]:Is democracy a good cure for the world, or is it the source of disaster? When the thought of democracy and equality was irresistible into the old aristocratic system, a restlessness sprang up. The French hoped to bring France out of its rigid political system through a radical revolution. They overthrew the old aristocratic system with great political zeal, but the desired freedom and equality did not happen as expected. On the contrary, Unrest and strife have led people with aspirations to begin to explore the path of the country. After examining the political system of American society, Tocqueville soberly saw the irreversibility of the tide of democracy. The power structure of the autonomous towns in the United States, as well as the British tradition of autonomy, the special role of commerce, the baptism of religion, and other factors that safeguard township autonomy, These statements highlight the important role of township autonomy: it constitutes the cornerstone of American political power, and it also serves as a major source of power for the United States government. More importantly, this unique political system not only inspires the people's strong desire for self-management and political participation, but also makes the people receive good political education.
【作者单位】：西南政法大学行政法学院;
【分类号】：D082;D771.2;K565.4

【参考文献】