从人的需要看：人权存在形态及其转化研究

发布时间：2018-04-01 23:25

本文选题：需要　切入点：人权　出处：《广州大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：学界关于人权的研究大多数是从本体论的角度进行论述,其著作不胜枚举。但是很少有学者从人的需要角度对人权及其存在形态以及人权存在形态转化进行深入探讨。人类历史的第一个前提就是人的存在,而人的本性就是人的需要,人权又是基于人的本性而应当享有的权利,所以从人的需要的角度进行人权及人权存在形态及其转化研究就很有意义。人的需要是人的本性,人的需要具有历史性、发展性、具有物质属性和意识属性等,渊源于人的需要的人权也就相应的具有人的需要的属性,即历史性、发展性、具有物质属性和意识属性。人权不是生来就有的,而是历史的产生的。本文在论述人权的分类及其形态的基础上,提出了从人的需要的角度将人权划分成应然权利、法定权利和实有权利三种形态,在继承李步云的三种形态内容的基础上,又从另外的视角为三形态找到依据,并提出实有权利也可以向法定权利转化的思想。本文以人的需要及其满足为出发点,论述了人权存在形态转化的条件,包括政治、经济、文化的条件,立法者、执法者、司法者的条件,以及人权教育的等等一系列的条件,为人权的实现与保障提供理论依据。但是因为人的需要的无法满足性,决定了人权的不可实现性,所以人权是无法实现的乌托邦式,我们享有的权利只能无限接近的实现,而无法全部实现。
[Abstract]:Most of the research on human rights in academic circles is discussed from the perspective of ontology. But few scholars have made an in-depth study of human rights and their forms of existence and their transformation from the point of view of human needs. The first premise of human history is the existence of human beings, and human nature is the need of human beings. Human rights are also rights that should be enjoyed on the basis of human nature, so it is of great significance to study human rights and their forms of existence and their transformation from the point of view of human needs. Human needs are human nature, and human needs are historic and developmental. Human rights, which are derived from the needs of human beings, have the attributes of historical, developmental, material and conscious properties, and human rights are not born with human rights. On the basis of discussing the classification and form of human rights, this paper puts forward that human rights should be divided into three forms from the point of view of human needs, namely, due right, legal right and real right. On the basis of inheriting the contents of Li Buyun's three forms, and finding the basis for the three forms from another angle of view, the author puts forward the idea that the real right can also be transformed into the legal right. It discusses the conditions for the transformation of human rights existence, including political, economic and cultural conditions, conditions for legislators, law enforcers, and judicial personnel, as well as a series of conditions for human rights education. It provides a theoretical basis for the realization and guarantee of human rights. However, because the unsatisfiability of human needs determines the unrealizability of human rights, human rights are utopian and unattainable, and the rights we enjoy can only be realized in an infinitely close way. And not all of them.
【学位授予单位】：广州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D90

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