秦汉刑讯制度

发布时间：2018-04-05 23:24

本文选题：秦汉刑讯制度　切入点：历史渊源　出处：《西南政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：从古至今的史学家和法学家一直致力于考证出完整的秦汉法律制度,但是,由于资料的缺失,对其研究则相对薄弱。自1975年湖北云梦秦简的出土和之后的居延汉简、张家山汉简等一系列简牍资料的出土,在这方面的研究有了重大的突破。而秦朝的刑讯与西周的“五听”之间联系紧密,在此基础上有了新的发展,秦律通过立法的形式规定了适用刑讯的情形、适用的对象及司法官的责任等内容,汉承秦制,对于刑讯亦进行了具体的规定,刑讯制度不仅适用于达官贵人,也适用于普通的百姓,同时也出现了滥用刑讯的情形,在当时社会上产生了极大的威慑作用。本人在前人论证的基础上,通过对史料分子,拟从当时的社会现状出发,探讨该制度的成因、内容、及其危害,对秦汉刑讯制度的脉络进行梳理。本文3万字左右,从四个部分来进行阐述: 一、刑讯制度的历史渊源。该部分介绍了刑讯从产生的渊源,从夏商时期盛行的神明裁判到西周的“五听”制度,刑讯应运而生。至秦朝时期,从立法上对刑讯加以具体规定,使其合法化。二、秦汉时期,刑讯制度的主要内容。该部分主要介绍了在秦汉时期,刑讯在何种情形下使用、针对何种人适用、实施的方式、有无次数限制、适用的部位以及司法官违法刑讯时将产生何种刑事责任等内容。对秦汉刑讯制度的相关内容进行了系统而全面的分析和论述。三、刑讯制度在实践中的运用。该部分介绍了刑讯在社会生活中的具体实践情况。刑讯在维护统治阶级的政权基础和最高统治者的利益的同时,也经常成为政治家之间进行斗争的手段,从而导致了社会矛盾的激化。四、秦汉刑讯制度的社会成因。秦汉时期,从社会层面对刑讯制度的成因进行分析可知,主要有以下几个层面导致刑讯应用的状况:1、由于受到有罪推定原则的影响,一旦出现刑事案件,首先司法官吏认定被告人是有罪的,导致先入为主,不利于保护刑事被告人的合法权利;2、在运用证据方面,过于倚重口供,依口供定罪,占据主导地位,所以,为了获取囚人的口供,司法官吏滥用刑讯;3、在秦汉时期,统治者推行薄俸厚罚的治吏政策,加之官吏追求享乐进一步加速了吏治败坏;4、重刑治国思想占据主导地位;5、儒家慎刑思想无形之中推动了刑讯制度的盛行。
[Abstract]:Historians and jurists from ancient times to now have been devoted to textual research on the complete legal system of Qin and Han dynasties, but due to the lack of information, the research on it is relatively weak.Since the unearthed of Yunmeng Qin slips in 1975 and a series of bamboo slips such as Juyan Han Bamboo slips and Zhangjiashan Han slips, great breakthroughs have been made in this field.On the basis of the close connection between the torture hearing of the Qin Dynasty and the "five ears" of the Western Zhou Dynasty, there was a new development on this basis. The law of the Qin Dynasty, by way of legislation, stipulated the situation of the application of torture, the object of application and the responsibility of the magistrates, and so on, and the system of the Han Dynasty accepting the Qin Dynasty.The system of torture is not only applicable to dignitaries, but also to ordinary people. At the same time, there is abuse of torture, which has a great deterrent effect in the society at that time.On the basis of the previous argumentation, this paper discusses the causes, contents and harms of the system by analyzing the historical data elements and the current social situation of the time, and combs the context of the criminal inquiry system in the Qin and Han dynasties.This article is about 30,000 words, from four parts to elaborate:First, the historical origin of the system of torture.This part introduces the origin of torture, from the deity judge prevailing in Xia and Shang dynasties to the "five listening" system of Western Zhou Dynasty, and torture emerged as the times require.To Qin Dynasty, from legislation to the specific provisions of torture, make it legalized.Second, the Qin and Han dynasties, the main content of torture system.This part mainly introduces the use of torture in the Qin and Han dynasties, who is applicable, how to implement it, whether there are restrictions on the number of times, the applicable parts and what kind of criminal responsibility will arise when the magistrate violates the law.This paper makes a systematic and comprehensive analysis and discussion on the relevant contents of the criminal inquiry system of Qin and Han dynasties.Third, the application of torture system in practice.This part introduces the specific practice of torture in social life.Torture not only maintains the political foundation of the ruling class and the interests of the supreme ruler, but also often becomes a means of struggle between politicians, which leads to the intensification of social contradictions.Fourth, the social causes of the criminal inquiry system in the Qin and Han dynasties.During the Qin and Han dynasties, the causes of the criminal inquiry system were analyzed from the social level. There were mainly the following aspects that led to the application of torture: 1. Due to the influence of the principle of presumption of guilt, once a criminal case appeared,First of all, the judicial officials found the accused guilty, leading to preconceptions, which were not conducive to the protection of the legal rights of the criminal defendants. In the use of evidence, they relied too heavily on confessions and convicted according to confessions, occupying a dominant position, so,In order to obtain the confession of prisoners, the judicial officials abused the interrogation of torture. In the Qin and Han dynasties, the rulers carried out the policy of treating officials with poor salaries and heavy punishments.In addition, the pursuit of hedonism further accelerates the corruption of officials, and the thought of severe punishment occupies a dominant position. The Confucian thought of careful punishment impels the prevalence of the system of torture.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D925.2;D929

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