现状与未来：我国习惯法的司法适用

发布时间：2018-04-12 11:32

本文选题：习惯法 + 司法适用　；参考：《西南政法大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国有着悠久的历史和灿烂的文化，在长期的社会发展中，先民们用自己的劳动和智慧，在日常生活和社会交往中形成了许多具有地方特色和民族特色的习惯法。这些习惯法具有十分广泛的约束力和制约力，能得到人们的普遍接受和认同。正是这些朴实的习惯法，对先民们的日常生活起着规范调整的作用，促进纠纷和矛盾的有效解决。习惯法事实上发挥着现代意义上“法”的规范作用，只是相对制定法，它更是活跃在民间不成文的“活法”，它以其顽强的生命力而一直存在于现代社会，甚至能发挥制定法不能发挥的作用。当前，我国的习惯法及其司法适用不管是在研究领域，还是在司法实践中，都已取得许多突破性的进展。但是成效和问题是并存的，当前的许多实践和理论问题都有待进一步探索研究，以更好地促进未来习惯法司法适用的构建和完善，充分挖掘出习惯法的法律价值和实践功能。本文第一部分是习惯法及其相关的概述。一是对习惯法及相关概念做基本界定，引出作为本文论述的习惯法的概念，同时特别区分了习惯法与国家法的异同。二是阐述了习惯法的类型和特征。第二部分对我国习惯法司法适用的必要性和可能性作理论探讨，首先阐述在当前我国法治建设中的国家法和习惯法的相互关系，指出二者共同作用于我国的法制建设。然后探讨我国习惯法的法律渊源地位，指出虽然目前立法定位不明确，但是习惯法在事实上已经具有了一定的法律地位。最后分析了我国习惯法司法适用的现实条件。指出现阶段的习惯法司法适用，是我国国情和社会特征的要求，是司法体制改革导向的要求，而制定法的开放性规定为我国习惯法司法适用提供了可能。第三部分分析当前我国习惯法司法适用。首先是当前我国习惯法司法适用总体概述。然后具体分析习惯法司法适用的实践探索，其中重点分析了姜堰法院的司法实践，还分析了两个习惯法适用的实践个案。最后对当前我国的实践取得的成效及存在的问题分析，指出当前的习惯法实践虽然取得了一些成效，但是同时存在不少的问题，并对问题的原因进行了分析。第四部分未来我国习惯法的司法适用构建和完善。首先指出制定法适当吸纳习惯法是完善未来我国习惯法适用的前提性条件，重点分析了民事领域习惯法的立法构想。然后探讨习惯法本身的选择适用，指出作为适用对象的习惯法要符合三性的标准：即习惯法的“合法性”，，习惯法的“善法性”和习惯法的“有限性”。最后对规范习惯法司法适用提出构想：探索建立规范习惯法适用的冲突规则，充分发挥法官在习惯法施法适用忠的能动作用，注重发挥习惯法在调解中的作用。
[Abstract]:Our country has a long history and splendid culture, in the long-term social development, the ancestors used their own labor and wisdom, in their daily life and social exchanges, formed many local characteristics and national characteristics of customary law.These customary laws are widely binding and binding, and can be accepted and accepted by people.It is these simple customary laws that play a regulating role in the daily life of the ancestors and promote the effective resolution of disputes and contradictions.As a matter of fact, customary law plays a normative role in the modern sense of "law". It is only relative to the formulation of law, and it is even more active in the folk "living law", which has always existed in modern society with its indomitable vitality.It can even play a role that statutory law cannot play.At present, China's customary law and its judicial application have made many breakthroughs in both the research field and judicial practice.However, the results and problems coexist, and many practical and theoretical problems need to be further explored and studied in order to better promote the construction and improvement of the judicial application of customary law in the future, and fully excavate the legal value and practical function of customary law.The first part of this article is a summary of customary law and its related.The first is to make a basic definition of customary law and related concepts, to draw out the concept of customary law as discussed in this paper, and to distinguish the similarities and differences between customary law and national law in particular.The second is to elaborate the types and characteristics of customary law.The second part makes a theoretical discussion on the necessity and possibility of the judicial application of our country's customary law. Firstly, it expounds the mutual relationship between the state law and the customary law in the construction of our country's rule of law, and points out that the two acts together in the legal construction of our country.Then it discusses the legal origin status of our country's customary law, and points out that although the current legislative position is not clear, the customary law already has certain legal status in fact.Finally, it analyzes the practical conditions of judicial application of customary law in China.It is pointed out that the judicial application of customary law at the present stage is the requirement of the national conditions and social characteristics of our country and the direction of the reform of the judicial system, while the opening regulation of the formulation law provides the possibility for the judicial application of the customary law in our country.The third part analyzes the current judicial application of customary law in China.First of all, the general summary of judicial application of Chinese customary law.Then it analyzes the practice of judicial application of customary law, focusing on the judicial practice of Jiangyan court, and also analyzes two practical cases of the application of customary law.In the end, the author points out that the current practice of customary law has made some achievements, but at the same time, there are a lot of problems, and the causes of the problems are analyzed.The fourth part constructs and consummates the judicial application of our country's customary law in the future.Firstly, it is pointed out that proper absorption of customary law is the prerequisite to perfect the application of Chinese customary law in the future, and the legislative conception of customary law in civil field is emphatically analyzed.Then it discusses the choice and application of customary law itself, and points out that the customary law as the object of application should meet the three criteria: "legality" of customary law, "good lawfulness" of customary law and "finiteness" of customary law.Finally, the author puts forward the idea of regulating the judicial application of customary law: to explore the establishment of conflict rules for the application of normative customary law, to give full play to the active role of judges in the application of customary law, and to pay attention to the role of customary law in mediation.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D920.4

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