民主的滥用及其治理

发布时间：2018-04-12 11:37

本文选题：民主 + 多数决原则　；参考：《湘潭大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着民主政治在我国的发展,民主已经逐渐影响到整个社会人们生活的各个方面。其中除了政治领域中的影响,民主这一社会管理制度更多的是被运用到了非政治领域,这在一定程度上有利于民主在我国的发展,同时也对构建社会主义民主政治和和谐社会起到了重要的作用。然而,随着民主被人们广泛运用到各个领域,民主却出现了各种被滥用的现象,随之而来的诸多问题也逐渐出来。这些问题主要表现在,民主的主体范围的过度扩大、多数暴政产生、少数人的意见被忽视、公共领域与私人领域界限出现混淆以及个人权利被民主侵害等等几个方面。民主之所以出现如此多的问题,很大程度上都是由于近年来人们对于民主的理解都存在诸多的误区,从而造成民主在诸多领域中被滥用。因而在使用民主进行社会管理的同时导致出现了大量的民主被滥用的现象。民主的泛滥之所以会如此的严重归根到底就是人们对于民主各个方面的诸多错误的理解。首先,人们过度的强调个人的自由和平等,从而导致人们错误的认为不管是谁都应当参与到各种民主活动当中,只有所有的人参与其中,民主才是可行的。这使得不具备相应资格的公民也参与到民主当中,民主从一开始就偏离了原来的路线。其次,导致公共领域与私人领域出现混淆的原因是公共权力的过度扩张,以及权力制衡机制的缺失。正如人们过度的提倡自由与平等,相互间的独立使得需要一种力量来整合每个人的力量进行社会管理,而这时候公共权力就起到了将这些力量进行整合作用。人们将公共权力使用到了私域的范围之中,将私人的权利纳入到公共领域进行管理,然而却没有相应的权力对这种公共权力进行制衡,公共权力逐渐被滥用。最后就是人们在进行民主活动的时候往往过度的信赖多数决原则,认为民主就是多数决,众意能够代表公意,并且将多数决原则认定为是非原则。正是这些错误的认识导致了民主在我国各个领域中的泛滥,从而侵害了他人的个人权利而又无法寻求保护。目前我国的对于民主这一项社会管理制度并没有多做研究。笔者认为可以通过法律对参与民主的的主体和客体进行规范。同时,要严防公共权力对私域的侵犯,建立权力制衡和监督机制,保障个人的合法权利不受到公共权力的侵犯。最后还要借鉴协商民主,以期更加合理地解决多数同少数的利益冲突。
[Abstract]:With the development of democracy in our country, democracy has gradually affected all aspects of people's life.In addition to the influence in the political field, democracy, the social management system, has been applied to the non-political field, to a certain extent, which is conducive to the development of democracy in our country.At the same time, it also plays an important role in building socialist democratic politics and harmonious society.However, as democracy has been widely used in various fields, democracy has appeared various abuses, followed by a number of problems gradually emerged.These problems are mainly manifested in the excessive expansion of the subject scope of democracy, the emergence of the tyranny of the majority, the neglect of the opinions of the minority, the confusion of the boundaries between the public and private spheres, and the infringement of individual rights by democracy, and so on.The reason for so many problems in democracy is mainly due to the misunderstanding of democracy in recent years, which leads to the abuse of democracy in many fields.Therefore, the use of democracy for social management at the same time led to a large number of democratic abuse phenomenon.The spread of democracy is so serious, in the final analysis, people's many wrong understanding of all aspects of democracy.First, people overemphasize the freedom and equality of the individual, leading to the mistaken belief that no matter who should be involved in all kinds of democratic activities, democracy is feasible only if all people participate in it.This has allowed unqualified citizens to participate in democracy, which has deviated from its original course.Secondly, the confusion between public sphere and private sphere is caused by the excessive expansion of public power and the absence of checks and balances.Just as people excessively advocate freedom and equality, the independence of each other makes it necessary to integrate the power of everyone into the management of society, and at this time the public power plays an integral role in the integration of these forces.People use public power to the scope of private domain, bring private rights into the public domain to manage, but there is no corresponding power to check and balance this kind of public power, public power is abused gradually.Finally, when people carry out democratic activities, they often rely excessively on the principle of majority decision, which holds that democracy is the decision of majority, that the will of the people can represent the common will, and that the principle of majority decision is regarded as the principle of right and wrong.It is these misconceptions that have led to the proliferation of democracy in all areas of our country, thus infringing upon the individual rights of others and unable to seek protection.At present, our country has not done much research on democracy as a social management system.The author thinks that the subject and object of participating democracy can be regulated by law.At the same time, it is necessary to strictly guard against the violation of private domain by public power, establish power balance and supervision mechanism, and ensure that the legitimate rights of individuals are not infringed by public power.Finally, we should learn from the deliberative democracy in order to resolve the conflict of interests between the majority and the minority more reasonably.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D082;D90

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