论法律概念的模糊性

发布时间：2018-04-25 22:38

本文选题：法律 + 模糊性　；参考：《湘潭大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：法律必定具有明确性和严谨性，因为法律的作用是确立社会成员的权利和义务，规范人的行为，有效的预防犯罪。法律如果不能做到确定性，其中的法律概念既可以这样理解，又可以那样理解，那么将使人陷入无所适从，不知所措的境地，国家也将会变得混乱不堪，甚至亡国。但法律中却存在很多的模糊概念，诸如“数额巨大”、“情节严重”、“巨额财产来源不明”、“酌情处罚”、“手段恶劣”、“感情破裂”等等。模糊概念在法律中的存在具有必然性。首先一部法律的容量是有限的，只能采用抽象、概括乃至笼统的表述，以使有限的法律囊括尽可能多的法律事实；其次正确合理地运用法律模糊概念，设立一定的模糊条款，供司法人员根据案件的实际情况灵活运用，有利于弥补法律中无法具体规定的“缺失”；再次，模糊概念具有特殊的功能作用，它可以保护国家机密和个人隐私，防止外泄。虽然模糊概念的作用很多，但并不是用得越多越好，，从某种意义上讲，运用模糊概念也实属无奈之举，能少用则应尽量地少用，而且在有些方面是不能运用模糊概念的。模糊概念可能导致人们理解认识上的误差，这就不可避免的会出现模糊概念给司法活动带来不利影响。由于立法上受客观条件的制约，导致有些模糊概念在法律条文中外延范围过大，给法律留下了漏洞，造成对有些犯罪案件无法可依，或者难以操作，这就很可能导致司法不公平现象的出现。因此，为了消除模糊概念所带来的不利影响，维护法律的权威和司法的公平正义，有必要对模糊概念进行清晰化处理。其具体作法是立法水平的提高和完善法律解释和增强执法者素质。
[Abstract]:Law must have clarity and preciseness, because the role of law is to establish the rights and obligations of social members, regulate human behavior, and effectively prevent crime. If the law can not achieve certainty, the concept of law can be understood in one way or another, then people will fall into a situation of confusion, confusion and even national subjugation. However, there are many vague concepts in the law, such as "huge amount", "serious circumstances", "huge property source unknown", "discretionary punishment", "bad means", "emotional breakdown" and so on. The existence of fuzzy concept in law is inevitable. First of all, the capacity of a law is limited, it can only be expressed in abstract, general and even general terms, so that the limited law can include as many legal facts as possible; secondly, the concept of legal ambiguity should be used correctly and reasonably, and a certain fuzzy clause can be established. For judicial personnel to use flexibly according to the actual situation of the case, it is helpful to make up for the "deficiency" which can not be specified in the law; thirdly, the fuzzy concept has a special function, which can protect state secrets and personal privacy and prevent leakage. Although fuzzy concepts play a lot of roles, they are not used as much as possible. In some sense, the use of fuzzy concepts is also a helpless move. If we can use them less, we should use them as little as possible, and in some respects we cannot use fuzzy concepts. The concept of fuzzy may lead to the error of understanding, which will inevitably lead to the negative impact of the concept on judicial activities. Because the legislation is restricted by objective conditions, some vague concepts are too broad in the scope of the legal provisions, leaving loopholes in the law, resulting in some criminal cases can not be followed, or difficult to operate. This is likely to lead to judicial injustice. Therefore, in order to eliminate the adverse effects of the fuzzy concept, maintain the authority of the law and the fairness and justice of the judiciary, it is necessary to clear the fuzzy concept. The concrete method is to improve the legislative level and improve the legal interpretation and enhance the quality of the law enforcers.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D90-051

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