从《驳案新编》看清代慎刑

发布时间：2018-04-25 23:18

本文选题：驳案新编 + 清代　；参考：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：慎刑思想是中国司法文化的重要组成部分。它起源于封建统治者对前朝暴政的经验总结,渗透于封建社会的全过程之中。经过不断地完善和发展,到了清朝已经成为指导司法机关判案定刑的一个相当成熟的司法理念。尤其是在乾隆时期,以慎刑为指导思想的部驳制度已经发展的非常成熟且在司法活动中占据着重要的地位。今天,司法实践中也吸收了慎刑的相关经验理论,展现出审慎的司法态度。《驳案新编》是清朝乾隆时期最为著名的驳案汇编集,被当代的法制史研究学者评价为研究清代司法文化不可或缺的史料。它按照《大清律例》的体例进行编纂,由司法官员将典型的案例进行整理,汇编成册,希望其后的审案能博采众长,有所借鉴。人命门主要收录的是有关人命的刑事案件,它占据本书近二分之一的篇幅,是本书中的主要内容。生命权是人最基本的权利,生命一旦被剥夺就无法挽回,因此清代司法机关在处理有关人命的案件上更是慎之又慎,是清代慎刑最为直接的表现。本文主要以《驳案新编》人命门的案件为中心来完成本文创作,此外还参考了《大清律例》、《清实录》等清代的法律文件以及一些研究清代慎刑思想的文章和著作。本文的主要研究方法是实证研究法,并结合观察法、文献研究法、个案研究法、数量分析法对相关理论与内容进行归纳与总结,不仅从刑部驳案的程序设计上来看清代的慎刑特点,还从司法机关处理案件的倾向性以及案件处理结果的走向这几个方面来分别表现清代的慎刑。
[Abstract]:The thought of careful punishment is an important part of Chinese judicial culture. It originated from the experience of feudal rulers in the former tyranny and permeated the whole process of feudal society. After continuous improvement and development, the Qing Dynasty has become a fairly mature judicial concept to guide the judicial organs. Especially in the Qianlong period, the system of refutation with careful punishment as the guiding ideology has developed very mature and occupies an important position in the judicial activities. Today, the judicial practice also absorbs the relevant empirical theory of careful punishment and shows a prudent judicial attitude. The new edition of refuting cases is the most famous collection of rebuttal cases in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. It is regarded as an indispensable historical material for the study of the judicial culture of Qing Dynasty by contemporary scholars of legal history. It is compiled according to the style of "Qing Law", and the judicial officials will sort out the typical cases and compile them into a book, hoping that the later cases will be widely used for reference. Human life is the main collection of criminal cases related to human life, it accounts for nearly 1/2 of the book, is the main content of the book. The right to life is the most basic right of human being. Once deprived of life, it is irreparable. Therefore, the judicial organs of the Qing Dynasty are even more cautious in handling cases concerning human life, which is the most direct manifestation of careful punishment in Qing Dynasty. This paper focuses on the case of "refuting the case" and the case of the door of human life. In addition, it refers to the legal documents of the Qing Dynasty, such as the laws of the Great Qing Dynasty and the record of the Qing Dynasty, as well as some articles and works on the thought of careful punishment in the Qing Dynasty. The main research method of this paper is empirical research method, combined with observation method, literature research method, case study method, quantitative analysis method to sum up and summarize the relevant theories and contents. Not only from the point of view of the procedural design of the rebuttal case of the Ministry of torture, but also from the judicial organs to deal with the case tendency and the trend of the outcome of the case in the Qing Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D929

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