州际竞争与美国公司法的发展

发布时间：2018-05-13 08:43

本文选题：美国 + 公司法　；参考：《比较法研究》2017年01期

【摘要】：美国经历了两轮分别由新泽西州和特拉华州挑起的以吸引公司注册为目标的州际竞争。第一轮竞争发端于19世纪80年代,至20世纪30年代达到高潮。这轮竞争主要表现为公司法的自由化改革,结果是美国各州普通公司法基本完成了从"管制型"向"赋权型"的转变。第二轮竞争肇始于20世纪60年代,一直延续到现在。此轮竞争一方面使董事和高管诉讼费用补偿与责任保险范围明显扩大,并催生了直接免除或限制他们责任的条款,另一方面也推动反收购法不断更新。这些变化使美国各州公司法呈现浓厚的亲管理层色彩。很多人不满竞争结果,他们针对竞争根源进行了争取联邦公司法、统一各州公司法和反对"内部事务原则"的努力,但这些措施作用都不大,没能阻止竞争的发展。
[Abstract]:The United States has experienced two rounds of interstate competition provoked by New Jersey and Delaware to attract company registration. The first round of competition began in the 1880 s and reached its climax in the 1930 s. This round of competition is mainly manifested in the reform of the liberalization of company law. As a result, the general corporation law of American states has basically completed the transformation from "regulatory type" to "empowerment type". The second round of competition began in the 1960 s and continues until now. On the one hand, this round of competition has significantly expanded the scope of compensation and liability insurance for directors and executives' litigation costs, and has spawned provisions that directly exempt or limit their liability. On the other hand, it has also promoted the renewal of anti-takeover laws. These changes make the American state company law show a strong color of pro-management. Many people are dissatisfied with the results of the competition. They have made efforts to fight for the root causes of competition, to unify the state company law and to oppose the "internal affairs principle," but these measures have not been effective enough to prevent the development of competition.
【作者单位】：洛阳师范学院历史文化学院;
【基金】：教育部社科规划项目“美国横向联邦制的演进”(14YJA770016)的阶段性成果。
【分类号】：D971.2;DD912.29

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