张君劢地方自治思想研究

发布时间：2018-05-13 14:10

本文选题：张君劢 + 地方自治　；参考：《华中师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：地方自治思想是张君劢宪政思想的重要组成部分。从早期赞成单一制,到后来主张联邦制,张君劢一直认为应该给省、县以独立的法人地位,实行地方自治。通过对张君劢地方自治思想的研究,可以了解他对集权政治的极度反对,对军阀割据的极度不满,并想通过地方自治,以达到民主宪政的理想。本文通过对张君劢地方自治思想的演变、主要内容及评价等三个部分的阐述来全面展现张君劢的地方自治思想。本文的第一部分主要论述了张君劢宪政思想的演变过程。他通过借鉴西方发达国家如英德美的地方自治制度,结合中国当时的社会现实,提出了适合于我国的地方自治制度。并通过《国是会议宪草》和《中华民国宪草》的两次设计,希望宪草中的地方自治制度能够实施。文章的第二部分阐述了张君劢地方自治思想的主要内容。地方自治是“以地方之力,举办地方事业”。张君劢认为地方自治是实现民主宪政的重要途径,也是保障人民权利的重要方面。在他看来应该通过选民册的编制、信息公开、模范人物的提倡等三个方面来实现地方自治。通过《国是会议宪草》和《中华民国宪草》等两次宪法草案的设计,张君劢制订了一整套地方自治制度,规定了地方自治长官、地方议会的选举产生办法,并言明司法权应归属中央,由中央统一行使。先后的两部宪法草案更是以单章的内容来规定中央和地方的权限划分,明确了中央和地方的权限范围以及中央税和地方税的界限。文章的第三部分是对张君劢地方自治思想的评价。他对中央和地方权限做出了明确划分,希望结束军阀混战的局面。他划定了中央税和地方税的范围,期望地方的财政独立。他提倡精英政治,但是却忽略了广大群众的作用。他的观点给我们留下了很多启示。张君劢借鉴西方先进的地方自治理论及实践,并结合中国当时的社会实际,设计出了一整套适合中国的地方自治制度,希望通过地方自治,结束军阀混战的局面,实现民主宪政,但是这一理想却因为当时中国军阀割据、政治混乱的社会现实而破灭。这是当时中国社会的不幸,也是整个要求民主宪政的政治群体的不幸。
[Abstract]:The thought of local autonomy is an important part of Zhang Junmai's constitutional thought. Zhang Junmai always believed that provinces and counties should be given the status of independent legal person and local autonomy. Through the study of Zhang Junmai's thought of local autonomy, we can understand his extreme opposition to totalitarian politics, his extreme dissatisfaction with warlords' separation, and his desire to achieve the ideal of democratic constitutionalism through local autonomy. In this paper, the evolution, main content and evaluation of Zhang Junmai's thought of local autonomy are expounded to show Zhang Junmai's thought of local autonomy. The first part of this paper mainly discusses the evolution of Zhang Junmai's constitutional thought. By learning from the local autonomy system of western developed countries such as England, Germany and the United States, and combining the social reality of China at that time, he put forward the local autonomy system suitable for our country. It is hoped that the local autonomy system in the constitution can be put into practice through the two designs of "the constitution of the state is the draft of the Congress" and "the constitution of the Republic of China". The second part of the article expounds the main content of Zhang Junmai's thought of local autonomy. Local self-government is to hold local undertakings by means of local forces. Zhang Junmai believes that local autonomy is an important way to realize democratic constitutionalism and an important aspect of protecting people's rights. In his opinion, local autonomy should be realized through the compilation of voter rolls, the publicity of information and the promotion of model figures. Through the design of the two draft constitutions, such as the draft Constitution of the National Assembly and the draft Constitution of the Republic of China, Zhang Junmai formulated a whole set of local autonomy systems, which stipulated the method for the election of local self-government governors and local councils. It also states that judicial power should be vested in the Central Committee and exercised uniformly by the Central Committee. The two successive draft constitutions define the limits of jurisdiction of the central and local governments and the limits of the central and local taxes by the content of a single chapter. The third part is the evaluation of Zhang Junmai's thought of local autonomy. He made a clear distinction between central and local authorities, hoping to end the warlord scuffle. He defined the limits of central and local taxes, expecting local financial independence. He advocated elite politics, but neglected the role of the broad masses. His point of view left us with a lot of inspiration. Zhang Junmai drew lessons from the advanced western theories and practices of local autonomy, and combined with the social reality of China at that time, designed a whole set of local autonomy systems suitable for China, hoping to put an end to the melee of warlords through local autonomy. The realization of democratic constitutionalism, however, was dashed by the separation of Chinese warlords and the social reality of political chaos. This was the misfortune of Chinese society at that time, and the misfortune of the whole political group demanding democratic constitutionalism.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D909.2

【参考文献】